5M 



of the total amount. The soap, after being dissolved in the remainder 

 of the water, is added to the carbonate solution. Among insecticides, 

 the preparation of lead arsenate, Paris green, arsenite of hme, tobacco, 

 kerosene emulsion and soap solution are described. Home-made lead 

 arsenate can be prepared according to the following formula : Lead 

 acetate, 14 ozs. ; sodium arsenate, 5 ozs. ; water, 50 gals. The 

 common formula for arsenite of hme is : White arsenic, 1 lb. ; stone 

 lime, 2 lb. ; water, 2-4 gals. A detailed description of different kinds 

 of spraying machinery is given. Dust spraying is not recommended 

 for use in Kansas orchards. It is better to apply the dormant spray 

 in spring shortly before the buds open. 



Howard (W. L.). Profits from Spraying Twenty-five Missouri Orchards 



in 1914. — Univ. Missouri Agric. Expi. Sta., Columbia, Bull. 124, 

 January 1915, pp. 187-285, 5 figs., 43 tables. [Received 16th 

 August 1915.] 



The demonstration orchards were, with one exception, sprayed 

 during the spring and summer with solutions of Bordeaux mixture 

 and lime-sulphur to control diseases, with lead arsenate added as an 

 insecticide. Lime-sulphur and Bordeaux mixture seemed equally 

 efficient in controlling disease ; the cost of Bordeaux mixture was 

 about ^Id. per tree for each application, whereas that of hme-sulphur 

 was about ild. Powdered lead arsenate appeared to give as good 

 results as the paste when used in half the quantity by weight. The 

 powder, however, costs about twice as much per pound as the paste. 

 While Bordeaux mixture is a reliable fungicide for all preventable 

 orchard disease, it is a dangerous fluid to use for a calyx spray, especially 

 on apples having a light-coloured skin, on account of the serious 

 scorching which may occur. Soluble sulphur, as at present sold 

 commercially, is dangerous to use as a summer spray, being apt to 

 destroy the leaves and calyx. The soluble sulphur seems to set free 

 a large amount of arsenic from the arsenate and this causes the injury. 

 This form of sulphur is, however, a promising spray material. Two 

 applications during 1914 produced excellent fruit, but caused about 

 75 per cent, of the leaves to drop. Where three applications were 

 given, from 10-25 per cent, of fruit was destroyed. Bordeaux arsenate 

 and pyrox are good fungicides and insecticides, but are apt to scorch 

 the fruit. Fruit-growers are advised to spray three times : Before 

 blooming, immediately after blooming, and from 10 to 14 days later. 

 For the first spray, lime-sulphur, (3 gals, to 100 U.S. gals, water) or 

 Bordeaux (6 lb. copper sulphate, 6 lb. fresh lime, 100 gals, water) should 

 be used ; for the second, lime-sulphur 3-100, plus 5 lb. arsenate o,'f 

 lead paste ; for the third, the same as the second, or Bordeaux 6-6-100, 

 plus 5 lb. lead arsenate paste. 



Weiss (H. B.). New Jersey Nursery Insects for 1914. — Canadian 

 Entomologist, London, Ont., xlvii, no. 5, May 1915, pp. 165-166. 



The following is a list of the commoner pests found in New Jersey 

 nurseries, mostly on ornamental plants, which occupy 2,400 acres, 

 only 200 acres being planted with orchards and bush fruits : — 

 Aspidiotus perniciosus, Comst., on a great variety of plants ; 



