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536 



SoKOLOV (N.). COBKM 03MMafl M BOCKJlimaTenbHafl. [Euxoa segetum 

 Schiff. and Feltia exdwuatiotiis, L.J SaiMMia paCTeHiM OT"b 

 BpeflMTe/ieM. [The protection of plants from pests.] No. 3 (21), 

 Supplement to— « JlK)6MTeJlb FlpHpOAbl.)) [Friend of NaUire], 

 Petrograd, 1914, 22 pp. [Received 21st August 1915.] 



No marked differences in the life-histories of Euxoa (Agrotis) segetum 

 and Feltia (Agrotis) exclamationis were observed, though the latter 

 occurred in greater numbers. Digging operations in the fields, which 

 were begun at the beginning of May, showed that the caterpillars 

 mostly occurred along the edges of the bare spaces and practically 

 none were found in the middle of them. Some of the caterpillars 

 were infested with a fungus disease, and in some of the pupal chambers 

 only the cocoons of the Ichneumon, Banchus sp., were found. The 

 largest number of larvae and pupae were found on a fallow field, in 

 which beets and turnips had been grown the previous year. Here 

 the number of pupae was estimated at 26,700 per acre. The adults 

 were controlled by means of bait trees, consisting of trees smeared 

 over daily with broad belts of honey and molasses. Both species were 

 on the wing after the middle of June, in numbers increasing up to 

 the end of that month, when a decrease set in. The first eggs were 

 found on 1st and 2nd July on various weeds, mostly on Sinapis 

 arvensis (charlock) and Cirsium arvense (Canada thistle), less frequently 

 on Plantago spp. ; also on convolvulus, chicory, beets and turnips. 

 The caterpillars leave the plants on which they have hatched at 

 a very early stage, and pass the day in the soil. From 25 to 30 per 

 cent, of the caterpillars and pupae obtained by digging operations in 

 spring proved to be infested with parasites, of which the most common 

 was Ichneumon sarcitorius, others being the Ichneumons, Anomalon sp., 

 Ophion luteus, Banclius sp., and a Tachinid, Gonia sp. The caterpillars 

 found in August and later were largely infested with a bacterial disease, 

 the percentage of diseased caterpillars increasing in time from 

 16 to 25 per cent, and 50 per cent., while some Macrocentrus sp. and 

 other parasites were also reared from them. Spraying with Paris 

 green in the proportion of 4 lb. of green and 8 lb. of lime in 110 to 

 115 gals, water, gave very good results ; spraying with barium chloride 

 1 lb., molasses ^ lb., in 5 gals, of water, was tried on a turnip field 

 and effected the destruction of the majority of the caterpillars. In 

 trenches round the fields over 35,000 caterpillars were collected 

 between the 26th August and 13th September. Many caterpillars 

 were also destroyed in these trenches by Carahus cancellatus, 

 C. nemoralis, C. Jiorfcnsis and other species. 



MoRiTz (L.). BiojiorMMecKifl Ha6jiH)fleHifl HaA"b npycMKOMij hhm ma- 



JlbflHCKOil capaHHeil. [Biological observations on Galliptamus 

 itaUcus, L.]~ « JlioSMTenb npMpOflbl.» [Friend of Nature], 

 Petrograd, no. xi, November 1914, pp. 321-332. [Received 

 21st August 1915.] 



Calliptamus {Colopfenus) italicus occurs throughout the south and 

 south-east of European Russia and also in the Crimea, Caucasia, 

 Transcaucasia, South Siberia in the province of Turgai, and in 

 Turkestan. In this article the author describes his observations during 



