554 



Several larvae were found in the act of eating into the cocoons or 

 devouring the contained pupae. On 8th, 9th and 10th July 1913, 

 28 '12 per cent, of the cocoons collected had been attacked by the 5th 

 and 6th stage larvae. A later collection gave 34 "82 per cent, injured, 

 or destroyed pupae. In 1913, G. bethunei was thus a considerable 

 factor in the control of M. disstria. In 1914, both M. disstria and the 

 host plants were retarded by the season and G. bethunei was not so 

 numerous as in 1913, nor was it retarded by weather conditions, 

 consequently the majority had pupated before the cocoons of M. 

 disstria were formed, and the proportion of cocoons destroyed was 

 only about 6 per cent. 



Herrick (G. W.) & Letby (R. W.). The Pupal Instar of the Fruit- 

 Tree Leaf-Roller {Archips argyrospila). — Canadian EtUomclogist^ 

 London, Ont., xlvii, no. 6, June 1915, pp. 185-187, 2 tables. 



Cacoecia (Archips) argyrospila (fiuit-tree leaf-roller) has been very 

 abundant in New York State during the past three years. In 1914, 

 it was determined to study certain phases in the life-history, especially 

 the length of the pupal period. Larvae collected from infested 

 orchards in Western New York were placed in an open-air insectary 

 under normal conditions of temperature. The minimum length of 

 the pupal stage was found to be 9 days and the maximum length !(> 

 days, while the average was 12 6 days. The minimum temperature 

 recorded was 44° F., the maximum, 92° F. The length of the pupal 

 stage recorded under insectary conditions in California varied from 

 9 to 12 days ; this statement was based on a small number of pupae 

 only. 



Sprays that yield Profitable Reimns.— Canadian Horticulturist, Pcter- 

 boro, Ont., xxxviii, no. 6, June 1915, p. 149. 



The following sprays are recommended for use in apple orchards :■ — 

 (1) When the leaves are unfolding ; lead arsenate paste, 5 lb., con- 

 centrated lime-sulphur, 4 gals., water, 100 gals. (2) Immediately 

 before flowering ; lead arsenate paste, 5 to 7 lb., concentrated hme- 

 sulphur, 3 gals., water, 100 gals. (3) Immediately after flowering; 

 lead arsenate paste, 5 lb., concentrated lime-sulphur, 2| gals., water, 

 100 gals. ; this should be repeated after an interval of ten to fourteen 

 days and further repeated in the case of tender varieties after the same 

 interval. 



Currants and Gooseberries.— CawacZiaw Horticulturist, Peterboro, Ont., 

 xxxviii, no. 6, June 1915, p. 150. 



Currant and gooseberry bushes are frequently attacked by the San 

 Jose and European fruit scales. They should be sprayed before growth 

 starts with strong hme-sulphur. As the leaf-buds are opening, an 

 apphcation of dilute lime-sulphur or Bordeaux mixture and 2 lb. lead 

 arsenate to 50 gals, should be made. This spray is repeated when 

 the fruit is about one-cjuarter grown. Pyrethrum or hellebore may 

 be used later. Aphids or leaf bugs may be controlled by a nicotine 

 spray, applied before the leaves have become curled. The cane borer 

 [Aegeria tipuliformis ?] may be eradicated by thorough pruning. 



