568 



in an orchard adjacent to a neglected orchard which was badly 

 infested. The average capture was 5 males per day and 1 female 

 every 4 days ; 93 specimens were caught during the first 6 days, 

 and 89 during the following 29 days. For a third period of 

 5 weeks no spray was applied, but the kerosene traps were retained ; 

 the average capture was 19 males per day and 1 female every 

 30 days. This period showed an increase in the numbers of 

 the fly and the amount of fruit injured. Trapping with kerosene 

 was continued in connection with other experiments, and 15 weeks 

 after spraying was discontinued, 642 fruit-flies were captured in 

 three days in the 10 traps. The increase in the number of fruit- 

 flies after spraying was discontinued, may be attributed (1) to 

 the fact that horticultural sanitation was not rigidly practised ; (2) to 

 the proximity of the orchard under treatment to a neglected one 

 and (3) to the breeding of the fly in wild fruits in mountainous districts, 

 whence they wer^ carried by the wind to the experimental orchard. 

 Similar experiments carried out in a residential section of Honolulu 

 showed that spraying resulted in a marked, but temporary, reduction 

 in the number of flies caught by the kerosene trap. Reduction was 

 greatest about five days after spraying, after which time the spray 

 became ineffective, and flies coming in from outside sources raised the 

 number again. The leaves of grapefruit and peach were found to have 

 been injured after the 5th spray ; later, the leaves began to fall and, 

 in the case of the peach, almost entire defoliation occurred. The spray 

 was found to attract honey bees. Sprayed trees which were not in 

 flower and were in the neighbourhood of unsprayed flowering trees 

 were visited by the bees. The latter were observed feeding on the 

 poisoned bait on the leaves of the sprayed trees and on the leaves of 

 shrubs and grass beneath. In several cases the best honey-producing 

 flowers were deserted in favour of the bait. A list of insects caught 

 in the kerosene, other than the fruit-fly, is given. This includes winged 

 Aphids, ants, mosquitos, bark lice, moths, cockroaches, Syrphid flies, 

 Adoretus umhrosus (Japanese beetle), Teleonomia lantayiae (lantana 

 leaf -bug) and Siphanta acuta (torpedo bug). The beneficial 

 insects captured were the following: — (1) Predaceous insects: 

 CocciNELLiDAE : Coccinelki repanda, Thunb. ; Cryptolaemvs mon- 

 trouzieri, Muls. ; Orcus chalybeus, Boisd. ; Platyomus lividigaster^ 

 Muls. ; Rhizobi'us ventralis, Muls. ; Novius {Vedalia) cardinalis, Muls. ; 

 Scymnus vividus, Sharp ; Sticholotus pimctatus, Crotch ; besides 

 Coccinellid larvae, Staphylinids and lacewing larvae. (2) Parasites : 

 Strepsiptera ; Elenchus melanias, Perkins ; Tachinidae : Frontina 

 archippivora, Will. ; Chaetogaedia moyiticola, Big. ; Hymenoptera : 

 Tetrastichus hagenowii, Ratz. ; Anastatus koebelei, Ashm. ; Solindemia 

 picticornis, Cam. ; Encyrtus fuscus, How. ; Chalcis obscurata, Walk. ; 

 Pimpla haivaiiensis, Cam. ; Doryctes {Ischiogonus) palliatus. Cam. ; 

 and Cremastus hymeniae, Vier. 



Richardson (C. H.). A Contribution to the Life-History of the Corn- 

 feeding SyrphusFly {Mesogramma polita, Say.) — Jl. Econ. Entoyn., 

 Concord, viii, no. 3, June 1915, pp. 338-342, 1 plate. 



An infestation of Mesogramma jiolita, Say, extending over a con- 

 siderable area of sweet maize, occurred in Burhngton county, N.J., 



