i 



580 



attacks the roots of living oak, poplar and chestnut, and is often 

 associated with P. imbricornis. P. calif ornicus, Motsch., causes the 

 death or stunts the growth of California black oak, Garry white oak, 

 western cottonwood, white alder and madrona. The larvae bore into 

 the bark at the base of the tree, and when about an inch long, penetrate 

 the roots. Sphenostethus taslei, Buquet, breeds in moist situations ; 

 the larva bores into dead oak, chestnut, Cercis canadensis and many 

 other hardwoods. 



FuNKHOUSER (W. D.). Life-History of Thelia bimaculata, Fab., 

 (Membracidae).- — Ann. Entom. Soc. America, Columbus, viii, 

 no. 2, June 1915, pp. 140-152, 1 plate. 



Thelia bimacttlata is abundant on Robinia pseudacacia in the vicinity 

 of Ithaca, N.Y. The insects may be found in large numbers from 

 early spring to late autumn. Migration is evidently slow. The 

 nymphs are usually found in the crevices of bark near the ground ; 

 the larger individuals migrate upwards and are found in the axils of a 

 twig or leaf. They are always attended by large numbers of ants. 

 Pairing and oviposition takes place from July to November, the eggs 

 being laid at the base of the trunk in the cambium. The first nymphs 

 appear late in May ; the total period from egg to adult is about a 

 month. Feeding takes place in early morning on twigs of the second 

 or third year's growth. R. pseudacacia seems to be the only host in 

 this locality. Parasitism is common in the eggs, and the bodies of 

 nymphs and adults often contain larvae, apparently Hymenopterous. 

 The following species of ants attending on nymphs and adults have 

 been identified : — Formica obscuriventris, F. exsectoides, Camponotus 

 pennsylvanicus, Cremastogaster lineolata, and Prenolepis imparls. 

 Injury to the host plant appears, up to the present, to be negligible. 



Marcovitch (S.). Biology of the Juniper Berry Insects, with Descrip- 

 tions of New Species. — Ann. Entom. Soc. America, Columbus, viii, 

 no. 2, June 1915, pp. 163-188. 7 plates. 



In 1913, some deformed berries of Juniperus virginiana were found 

 to contain an Eriophyid mite, Eriophyes quadrisetus typicus. Other 

 berries sent from Newark, Del., were injured by E. quadrisetus juniperus. 

 The winter is spent by the mites inside the green berries. In spring, 

 the young ovules are attacked and eggs are laid within them. The 

 production of young is continuous throughout the growing season. 

 During October, the mites collect in certain berries where they pass the 

 winter. Eurytoma juniperinus (juniper berry Chalcid) feeds in the 

 fleshy part of the berry, and never in the seed tissue. There is one 

 generation a year and the winter is passed in the larval stage. Pupae 

 and adults have been found late in May. The larvae are abundant 

 in mite-infested berries. The larvae of Geniocerus juniperi feed on 

 the fleshy part of the berry. There is one generation a year ; the 

 larval stage persists throughout the winter. A parasitic larva has 

 been found in contact with a larva of G. marcovitchi. There are 

 apparently two generations of this parasite annually. Rhagoletis 

 juniperinus was found in September 1913. From the larvae kept 

 under observation, a fly emerged on 6th April. Females were 



