592 



steppes, villages, etc., thus also removing many caterpillars, which 

 perish in the steppes. In Turkestan, no such export of waste fruit 

 occurs, nor is it possible, as such fruit is preserved by drying, during 

 which process the caterpillars escape. In order to remedy this state of 

 things, the utilisation of infested fruit as food for cattle, or destruction 

 of the caterpillars in it by fumigating with sulphur or soaking in 

 water, is recommended. 



Jakubovsky (V.). ntneHin rHUnbua. [On the cure of foulbrood.] 

 — «PycCKiM riMeJlOBOAHblM JlMCTOK'b.» [Russian Beekeeping 

 Gazette], Moscow, xxx, no. 5, May 1915, pp. 170-172. 



The author criticises the method of curing foul brood recommended 

 by R. (x. Semenov [see this Review, Ser. A, iii, p. 38]. Experiments 

 have shown that the division of the hive as proposed by him, is 

 not advisable, as it tends to decrease the general strength of the 

 colony and entails insufficient care of the brood by the remaining bees. 

 The queen bee may, however, be isolated for 21 days, as experiments 

 have shown that a queen-bee isolated for even more than two months, 

 does not lose her fertility. 



Vassiliev (Eug. M.). Eme JioBJit BpenmeneM CBennbi Ha 6poAn- 



myro naiOKy. [More on the catching of pests on fermenting 

 molasses.] -« BtCTHMH-b CaxapHOPi npOMblluneHHOCTM.» [Herald 

 of the Sugar Industry], Kiev, xvi, no. 22, 13th June 1915, p. 511. 



This communication from the Entomological Branch of the Myco- 

 Entomological Station of the All Russian Society of Sugar-refiners, 

 reports that between 31st May and 4th June, 1915, adults of Euxoa 

 and Barathra and also of Bihio hortulauus, L., were caught in ferment- 

 ing molasses in beet plantations and vineyards near Smiela. This 

 remedy is considered more effective than the adhesive paper recom- 

 mended by Gei;man authors, and it can be applied, not only against 

 Lepidoptera, but also against some Diptera, Pegomyia hyosq/ami, 

 Panz., being another pest, against which it has long been used by the 

 Station. 



Cholodkovsky (N. a.). XepMecbi, Bpeflfliuie xBoiiHbiivi"b flepeBbflWb. 

 [Chermes injm-ious to Conifers.] Published by the Department 

 of Agriculture of the Central Board of Land Administration and 

 Agriculture. Second, altered and enlarged edition. Petrograd, 

 1915, 89 pp., 6 figs., 7 plates. 



In the introduction to this book, it is stated that the galls formed by 

 species of Chermes were known and described much earlier than the 

 insects themselves, the earliest reference to the former having been 

 made in 1583 by a Dutch botanist, (Jlusius. It was only in the 18th 

 century that Frisch discovered that insects live inside these galls. 

 In 1887, Blochman discovered the males, while between 1887 and 

 1889, Dreyfus, Blochman and the author independently discovered 

 the migrations of these insects. 



The wintering stem-mother (fundatrix) of Chermes viridis, Ratz., 

 may be observed early in spring where firs grow mixed with larches, 



