600 



deal of damage to the trees is done by various Hylesinae, mostly 

 Myelo'philus piniperda and M. minor, the number of damaged trees 

 being 645 in 1911, 615 in 1912, and 194 in 1913. The figure for 1911 

 is equivalent to about 40 trees on every 27 acres. Removal of the 

 injured trees is the only remedy applied, but the author advocates, 

 the use of trap trees in addition. 



VlTKOVSKY (N.). I. OlHeTTi fltflTejlbHOCTM Bl» 1914 FOfly 3HT0M0- 



norMHecHaro noAOTAt/ia ryOepHCKoii VnpaBbi. 1 1. OOsop-b epe- 

 flHTe/ieH cejibCKaro xosflMCTBa, Ha6jiK)AaBUJMxcfl b-b 1914 roAy. 



[I. Report on the work of the Entomological Subsection of the 

 Uprava (of the Zemstvo) of the government of Ekaterinoslav in 

 1914. II. Review of the pests of Agriculture noticed in 1914.] 

 Published by the Zemstvo of the govt, of Ekaterinoslav, 

 Ekaterinoslav, 1915, 68 pp. 



The second of these papers deals with the pests recorded in 

 Ekaterinoslav during the year under review. Pests of cultivated 

 field crops included Oria {Tapinostola) nmsculosa, Hbn., which is the 

 chief enemy of both summer and winter sown crops. In 1915, this 

 insect again spread to the east of the river Dnieper [see this Review, 

 Ser. A, iii, pp. 4 and 110] and did an enormous amount of damage. 

 The caterpillars were largely parasitised by Bracon abscissor, Nees, 

 and related species and were infested with an unidentified disease. 

 The four stages of injury caused by the caterpillars are described. 

 The first stage may be observed in the middle of April and consists 

 in the fading and withering of the main shoots of the young corn 

 resembling the injuries caused by Oscinella (Oscinis) frit, but differing 

 in that the destruction of the plants proceeds more rapidly owing to 

 the fact that the caterpillars of 0. musculosa are able to pass from one 

 plant to another. The second stage consists in injury to the stems, 

 the caterpillars penetrating into the lower part and causing the upper 

 part to turn yellow ; this takes place in the middle of May. The 

 third stage involves injury to the ears, when the latter, though fully 

 developed, are still in the sheaths, the caterpillars entering through a 

 hole at the bottom of the sheath and devouring the ear from the sides 

 and top. The last stage, not previously described, occurs when the 

 ears have emerged from the sheath, but owing to the stalks being 

 gnawed through, the grain cannot mature ; here apparently the 

 caterpillars feed for the last time before pupating. This form of 

 injury resembles that caused by Cephus pygmaeus and Chlorops 

 taeniopus, Meig. [see this Review, Ser. A, iii, p. 110.] The pupae were 

 first found on 26th June, their number being small in comparison with 

 the number of caterpillars, owing to the presence of parasites and 

 disease. The Ichneumonid, Anomalmi latro, Schr., and another species 

 were reared from the pupae, about 6 per cent, being infested. In 

 captivity the females oviposited on summer wheat, barley and oats. 

 Of the weeds examined, eggs were mostly found on Agropyrum (couch 

 grass), seldom on Setaria, except when this weed was specially abundant. 

 Enxoa (Agrotis) segetum, Schiff ., also occurred in serious numbers during 

 the year. Pyrausta nubilalis, Hbn., w^as everywhere injurious to 

 maize, the crops in some localities being totally destroyed. Trachea 

 {Haclena) basilinea, L., is widespread, but does not cause appreciable 



