604 



cannot be considered a very injurious insect like the latter or like 

 Polyphylla odspersa, Motsch., with the larvae of which its own larvae 

 are sometimes found. The adults of M. afflicta are on the wing in 

 March and April during the short twilight, after which they 

 hide in the earth ; individuals on the wing are mostly males, the 

 females only flying after oviposition is completed. This is effected 

 in shady spots, underneath large trees, etc. Three stages of the larvae 

 occur, the first one wintering and moulting in the following spring. 

 The whole cycle of development lasts four years. 



GiNTZENBERG (A. A.). Bmiuha h Gfl npoMbiiujieHHafl Ky/ibiypa. [The 

 Cherry and its cultivation.] Supplement to the Journal. — «nnOflO- 

 BOACTBO.» [Fruit-Growing], Petrograd, pt. 1, 1914, 108 pp., 

 48 figs.; pt. 2, 1915, 111 pp., 65 figs. 



One chapter of this book deals with pests and diseases of cherry 

 trees, an account of the hfe-histories and methods of control being 

 given, with figures of the insects concerned. 



Insects injurious to foliage include Eriocampoides limacina, L., 

 {Eriocampa adumbrata, Klug), the females of which oviposit in June, 

 and the larvae feed until about September, when they pass into the 

 earth to hibernate. The females of Neurotoma (Lyda) nemoralis, L. 

 {punctata, F.), deposit in spring some 30 or 40 eggs, in lines on the lower 

 side of the leaves, the larvae living in colonies in webs and defoliating 

 the trees. In June they pass into the earth and hibernate ; in some 

 years this pest does enormous damage. The larvae of Priojjhorus padi, 

 L. {Cladius albipes, Fall.), skeletonise the leaves and enter the earth 

 in June and hibernate. The remedies against all these three species 

 consist of spraying with Paris green or Djipsin. The larvae of Lyonetia 

 clerkelh, L., also mine the leaves ; there are two generations of this 

 moth, the winter, according to some authors, being passed in the egg- 

 stage or, according to others, as an imago. Spraying with Paris green 

 is only effective at the moment when the larvae hatch ; later, they 

 are protected by having already entered the tissue of the leaf and can 

 then only be crushed. Against Myzus cerasi, F., which, besides the 

 direct injury caused, also assists the spread of Capnodium salicinum, 

 the best remedies are spraying with quassia decoction, Lignum qttassi 

 surinamensis {Lignum quassi rospatum, the Java quassia, not being 

 effective) ; tobacco decoction (8 to 12 oz. in about 3 gals, of water) 

 with a mixture of 2 parts of green soap and 1 part of tobacco extract ; 

 California mixture ; and the so called Dufour liquid, which is prepared 

 as follows : 5^ oz. of green soap are dissolved in two pints of hot water, 

 about 2 oz. of fresh Persian powder being gradually added, and the 

 whole then made up with water to 3 gals. The caterpillars of Cheima- 

 tobia brumata, L., devour the buds and later the leaves; sticky belts 

 are advised in order to prevent the females from reaching the trees 

 and ovipositing on them. When these have been removed and burned 

 in late autumn, the trunks should be painted with a mixture of 2 parts 

 of iron sulphate and 1 part of quicklime in about 3 gals, of water, so 

 as to destroy the eggs, which the females may have deposited on them. 

 Spraying with Paris green early in spring against the caterpillars, when 

 the buds unfold, and repeating this when the leaves appear, is also 

 recommended. Tortrix cerasana, Hb., the caterpillars of which injure 

 buds and leaves, may be controlled by spraying with Paris green. 



