608 



bifolia (false orchis) which flowers in May and June, whilst A. hederae 

 is only to be found on ivy towards the end of summer and in autumn, 

 this being a new" case of Aphid migration from one species of plant to 

 another. Pacliypafpa vesicalis, Koch, is very common on Populus 

 alba in Esthonia, where this is not an indigenous tree, and the winged 

 individuals oviposit on Picea excelsa in this part of Russia. P. vesicalis 

 has also been found by the author on Populus tremula, and it is thought 

 that the migrating individuals possibly live on the roots of Picea, their 

 proboscis being fitted for such a life, though all attempts to find them 

 on such roots have failed. Periodic emigrations of P. vesicalis from 

 Populus to Picea are regarded as more or less certain. Tullgren has 

 established an analogous migration for Pemphigus xylostei, De Geer. 



Balabanov (M.). Xo3fliicTBeHHbm Ha6jiK)AeHifl no 6opb6t C"b epeflM- 

 Te/lflMH B"b caAaXTa. [Practical observations on the control of 

 pests in orchards.]— « nnOflOBOflCTBO.» [Fruit growing], Petro- 

 grad, nos. 6 and 7, June and July 1915, pp. 357-363 and 422-427. 



The author reviews various remedies for the control of insect pests 

 and gives a diary of the measures to be undertaken in orchards at 

 different seasons of the year. The practical farmer is not always in a 

 position to adopt the particular methods or remedies suggested by the 

 economic entomologist. There is frequently a choice of insecticides 

 and those must be used which are best adapted to the local conditions, 

 while the cost must especially be considered. As an example, sulphate 

 of iron may often be replaced by milk of lime, and spraying with tobacco 

 extract against Psylla mail can be replaced by simple fumigation. 

 The reasons for the various operations are dealt with in a simple and 

 practical manner, in order to assist those who have no technical 

 knowledge. 



VaSSILIEV (Eug. M.). Mtpbl 6opb6bI CTj CBeHnOBMMHOM UBtTOMHHUefi. 



[The control of Pegomyia hyoscyami, Panz.] — «B'feCTHMK'b Caxap- 

 HOM ripOMblluneHHOCTM. [Herald of the Sugar Industry], Kiev, 

 no. 25, 4th July 1915, pp. 589-590. 



Pegomyia hyoscyami, Panz., appeared in 1915 in smaller numbers 

 than in 1914, owing to the fact that in the previous year about 60 

 per cent, of the larvae were infested with parasites. Injury to beet 

 was also noticed later than in the previous years. The following 

 remedies are suggested : — Against the imago, fermenting molasses ; 

 against the larvae, spraying the leaves with a 5 or 6 per cent, solution 

 of barium chloride, and the removal and destruction of the damaged 

 leaves ; against the pupae, cultivation of the soil between the beds. 

 The removal from the plantations of the following weeds, on which 

 the pest oviposits, is also advised : — Atriplex, Chowpodium, Spinaria, 

 Silene, Datura stramonium, Hyoscyamus niger, and Onopordon 

 acanthium (Scotch thistle). 



