61G 



to be carried out daily. Furthermore, the caterpillar of S. filleriana 

 usually weaves its covering before it begins to feed. Bait- traps and 

 light-traps are not of much value, as the period of flight is very short. 

 Fumigation with sulphurous acid, painting with an insecticide wash 

 in winter and sluicing with hot water are all efficient measures and 

 should be applied in the months of February, March and April. 

 Their cost is the chief objection. The collection of the leaves 

 bearing egg-masses and their destruction by fire is an old method 

 which merits attention, and the cost of collection may be 

 considerably diminished if the leaves are stored for fodder. The 

 author has filled casks with successive layers of leaves, each layer 

 being sprinkled with salt. Enough water is poured in to cover the 

 leaves and some is drawn off each time a portion of the leaves is taken 

 for fodder. The destruction of the egg-masses with hot water [see this 

 Revieiv, Ser. A, ii, p. 685 ; iii, pp. 522, 614] is very efficacious and costs 

 but little ; a period of two weeks is available for its application. 

 It is superior to winter controls, though the latter must not be neglected . 



Semichon (L.), La Cochylis et I'Eud^mis et la destruction des oeufs. 



[Clysia amhiguella and Polychrosis botrana and the destruction of 

 their eggs.] — Rev. Vitic, Paris, xliii, no. 1099, 22nd July 1915, 

 pp. 53-58. 



Hitherto, the only control measures of any real value against the 

 vine-moths, Clysia amhigiieUa and Polychrosis botrana, have been the 

 sluicing of the vine-stocks with hot water in October and November, 

 the trapping of the moths and the application of insecticides. The 

 first only destroys the individuals in the bark ; the second is only 

 applicable for a very short time and a large number of the moths 

 always escape capture, especially when the moon is bright ; the third 

 is defective in spring, because the plant tissues grow very rapidly and 

 unsprayed surfaces are quickly being exposed, and also on account of 

 the short period (five or six days) during which the caterpillars are 

 vulnerable. Insectifuge powders are very unsatisfactory ; nicotine 

 solutions are somewhat better and are the only ones suitable after 

 flowering. The destruction of the eggs and young larvae by spraying 

 with hot water is a new and better method which destroys all the 

 insects, provided it is carried out thoroughly ; all the individuals of 

 a generation are present on the vine and in a very vulnerable 

 form, and from 15 to 20 days are available for treatment, which 

 may therefore be thorough. The cost varies from 6s. 6d. to 8s. 

 per acre, or only about one-quarter the cost of sluicing in winter. 

 If the hot liquid is applied in the form of a cupric spray against 

 mildew, the expense for insect control becomes nominal. 



Hot water is also very efficient in controlling Colaspidema atrum 

 and the black Aphid of beans. 



Wadsworth (J. T.). On the Life-history of Aleochara bilineata, Gyll., 

 a Staphylinid parasite of Chortophila brassicae, Bouch6. — Jl. Econ. 

 Biol., London, x, nos. 1 and 2, June 1915, pp. 1-26, 1 fig., 2 plates. 



In addition to the Staphylinids, Aleochara bilineata and A. nitida, 

 the follo\Anng Hymenopterous parasites have also been bred from the 



