619 



part of the State, and at an altitude of over 4,000 ft. in Watauga 

 county in the north-west, and is destructive in both places. The best 

 method of control is spraying with lime-sulphur wash or soluble oil 

 during the dormant season. The following formula is recommended 

 for home-made lime-sulphur : stone lime (unslaked) 15 lb. ; flowers 

 of sulphur 15 lb. ; water 50 U.S. galls. Winter pruning should 

 be carried out before the trees are treated for scale. A table for 

 spraying apples, pears, peaches and plums is given. It is not advisable 

 to use Bordeaux mixture on peaches and apples until after the young 

 fruits are well formed. The following formula is given for Bordeaux 

 mixture and lead arsenate : stone lime (unslaked), 4 lb. ; copper 

 sulphate, 3 lb. ; lead arsenate paste, 3 lb. ; water, 50 U.S. galls. 

 Self- boiled iime- sulphur wash is prepared according to the formula : 

 $tone lime, 8 lb. ; sulphur, 8 lb. ; water, 50 U.S. galls. ; lead arsenate 

 paste, 3 lb. Kerosene emulsion, for spraying peach and plum, should 

 be used at a strength not greater than 15 per cent, oil in winter and 

 ■early spring and not greater than 10 per cent, oil in summer. For use 

 ■on apple and pear, 25 or 50 per cent, oil can be applied in winter and 

 until the buds open in spring ; for later spraying 15 per cent, oil is 

 advised. 



Saunders (G. E.). Spraying with Arsenates in Nova Scotia. — Cana- 

 dian Horticulturalist, Peterboro, Out., xxxviii, no. 7, July 1915, 

 pp. 169-170, 1 table. 



During 1912 and 1913, an experiment was conducted to determine 

 the extent of benefit derived from each of the four sprays then applied 

 to the orchards of the Annapolis Valley in controlling bud- moth 

 \Eucosma ocellana], fruit worm [Rhagoletis pomoneUa], and codling 

 moth [Cydia pomonella']. The spray used was commercial lime and 

 sulphur, 1 to 35, and Swift's acid paste lead arsenate, 5 lb. to 100 gals. 

 The first application was made when the buds were bursting, the 

 second, 2 or 3 days before the blossoms opened, the third, immediately 

 after the blossoms fell, and the fourth, 2 weeks later. The infestation 

 of bud-moths on the unsprayed control trees at the end of the 

 experiment, was 59'56 per cent., while in the plots receiving the second 

 and third spray the average was 22-1 per cent. The infestation of 

 fruit worms at the end of the first season on the controls was 12"44 

 per cent, of injured apples ; in plots receiving the second and third 

 spray the injury was 4*33 per cent. The codling moth infested 4'54 

 per cent, of the apples on the controls in 1913. It was found that 

 the second spray gave 71*3 per cent, reduction in injury, the third 

 spray. 89'2 per cent., the fourth, 65-6 per cent. From the fact that 

 the codling moth is, as a rule, of minor importance in Nova Scotia, 

 apple-growers are free to advance or retard the first spray after the 

 blossoms by 2 or 3 days, as may be advantageous to them in controlling 

 any other pest, with practically no reduction in benefit as regards 

 codling moth. The injury done by the three insects under observation 

 was divided into 2 classes : (1) reduction in the set of fruit, (2) injury 

 to picked fruit. In the experimental orchard 59'56 per cent, of the 

 buds in the controls contained bud-moth. Counts of 1,000 infested 

 blossom clusters showed 305 apples set, while 1,000 clusters free from 

 moth on the same trees, set 1,205 apples. Reduction in the set of 



