637 



(Erenwbia) muricatm, Pall., fiequentin^ clayey soils with scanty 

 vegetation, and Podisma (Pezotettix) pedestris, L., which hatched in 

 the middle of May, and in years of outbreaks, injures meadows and 

 market-garden crops. 



ScuREiNER (J. T.). HactKoivibm, Bpeflflinifl ropMMut btj AcipaxaHCKOM 

 rySepHJM. [Insects injuricnis to mustard in the govt, of Astrachan.] 

 — «3amMTa paCTeHJM OT-B BpeflMTeJieM.» [The Protection of 

 Plants frotn Pcst.s.] Supplement to « JlfoSmejlb npMpOflbl.» 



[Friend of Nature], Petrograd, nos. 5 and 0, May-June 1915, 

 55 pp., 41 figs. 



This is another report on insect pests found on mustard crops in 

 Astrachan [see this Revieiv, Ser. A, ii, p. 355J, where Sinapis juncea, L., 

 is principally grown. Pieris daplidice, L., is one of the chief pests of 

 mustard and occurs over the whole of European Russia, in Caucasia, 

 Liberia as far as the Western Altai, and in Russian Central Asia. About 

 20 per cent, of the larvae were infested with Chalcis flavipes, Panz., 

 and 2 or 3 per cent, of the pupae with Pteromalus pupanmi, Sven., 

 while the caterpillars were also attacked by Anilasta ebenina, Grav. 

 As a remedy against the first generation of caterpillars, which is the 

 most injurious, spraying with quassia emulsion or tobacco decoction 

 when the plants are in blossom is recommended ; machorka tobacco 

 dust may be also used in small plantations, the dusting being done 

 early in the morning. Pieris brassicae has not been observed by the 

 author on mustard, but P. rapae, L., has been noticed in small numbers. 

 Only the first generation of Phytometra {Plmia) gamma, L., is of 

 importance to mustard crops. Evergestis extimalis, Scop. {Orobena 

 margaritalis, Schiff .), is very injurious to mustard, though its cater- 

 pillars are much parasitised by a fly. The best remedy consists of 

 mowing the crops and harrowing the field during the pupal stage. 

 The first generation of Plutella macuUpe^inis, Curt, {cruciferarum, 

 Zell.), breeds in Astrachan on mustard, on which it also pupates; 

 the moths of the second generation appear in the middle of June, the 

 caterpillars only partly living on mustard. Ploughing in autumn, 

 destruction of weeds and spraying with the above insecticides are 

 recommended. 



Among Coleopterous pests, Entomoscelis adonidis, Pall., is distributed 

 over the whole of South and South-East Russia, and also occurs in 

 Turkestan and Southern Siberia. The larvae destroy the leaves, while 

 the beetles feed on the pods. Spraying with urania green or djipsin 

 before the mustard flowers, and the collection of the beetles are recom- 

 mended. Colaphus lioefti, Menetr., is also commonly fouiid on mustard ; 

 this species has been mistaken for C. sophiae, Schall., which does not 

 occur in Astrachan at all. Only the first generation is dangerous to 

 mustard and the destruction of weeds and spraying with quassia 

 emulsion and tobacco decoctions are advised. Various species of 

 Phyllotreta, which are most dangerous enemies of mustard, include : — 

 P. atra, F., P. cruciferae, Goeze, P. diademata, Foudr., and 

 P. schrcineri, Jakob [see tliis Review, Ser. A, iii, p. 439.] All these 

 beetles winter and appear early in spring, attacking mustard especially 

 in June. Sticky traps are the best remedy for this pest, especially 



