668 



the trees. The overwintering period of the adults in fallen cones 

 extends from early in August to 1st April. In the case of C. ponderosae, 

 only a few of the injured cones of the yellow pine fall, so that the 

 overwintering adults are to be found in cones upon the trees. The 

 damage done by C. jwnderosae to yellow pine has never been noted to 

 be as extensive as that of C. lambertianae to sugar pine. The latter pest 

 destroyed 75 per cent, of the sugar pine seedling crop on one area 

 observed in 1914. These beetles are a menace to the natural or 

 artificial reproduction of the host- tree when the virgin forest has been 

 destroyed by timber cutting, fire, or epidemic insect infestations. 

 Yellow pine and sugar pine are two of the most valuable timber trees, 

 and where the required supply of seed is delayed, there is a risk of the 

 ground being usurped by less valuable trees. As all the infestation 

 from the end of August until the following May will consist of adults 

 which are hibernating in the cones, it is evident that, if all fallen cones 

 can be collected and burnt during that time, a very appreciable 

 reduction of the infestation and damage may result. In the case of 

 sugar pines, all infested cones will be found on the ground and burning 

 will not entail great expense. By 18th July, or a little earlier in some 

 situations, the attacked cones begin to stand out conspicuously and 

 seed collectors are in a position to determine whether or not the seed 

 crop of the current year can be profitably collected. 



MosHER (F. H.). Food Plants of tlie Gipsy Moth in America. — U.S. 



Deft. Agric, Washington, D.C., Bull. no. 250, 24th July 1915, 

 39 pp., 6 plates. 



This bulletin reports a series of investigations conducted in 1912, 

 1913 and 1914 to determine the favoured food-plants of the gipsy 

 moth [Lymantfia dispar]. The trees and shrubs tested have been 

 classified in the following four groups : — 



I. Species which are favoured food- plants : Speckled alder, apple, 

 mountain ash, American aspen, large-toothed asjDen, balm-of-Gilead, 

 American beech, grey birch, paper birch, red birch, blueberry 

 box elder, red gum, hawthorn, hazelnut, beaked hazelnut, American 

 larch, European larch, American linden, European linden, black oak, 

 rock chestnut oak, dwarf chestnut oak, bur oak, pin oak, post oak, 

 red oak, scarlet oak, bear oak, shingle oak, swamp white oak, white 

 oak, lombardy poplar, pasture rose, service-berry, mountain sumac, 

 scarlet sumac, staghorn sumac, white willow, glaucous willow, sandbar 

 willow, witch-hazel. 



II. Species which are favoured food after the earlier larval stages : 

 Chestnut, hemlock, pitch pine red pine, scotch pine, jack pine, western 

 white pine, white pine, beach plum, black spruce, Norway spruce, 

 red spruce, white spruce. 



III. Species which are not particularly favoured, but upon which 

 a small proportion of the larvae may develop : European barberry, 

 bayberry, black birch, yellow birch, low blueberry, tall blueberry, 

 sweet cherry, wild black cherry, wild red cherry, chokeberry, choke 

 cherry, cottonwood, American cranberry, American elm, European 

 elm, slippery elm, sweet fern, sweet gale, black gum, bitternut hickory, 

 mockernut hickory, pignut hickory, shagbark hickory, American 

 hornbeam, hop hornbeam, Norway maple, red maple, silver maple, 

 sugar maple, pear, silver poplar, sassafras. 



