689 



oviposition and injures the foliage of the host. In spraying to 

 control the insect, it is suggested ""that Bordeaux mixture and 

 tobacco extract be used, at the rate of 1 pint tobacco extract to 

 100 gals. Bordeaux mixture. The first application should be made 

 not more than a month after planting, and the second about 3 weeks 

 later. 



VosLER (E. J.). Calendar of Insect Pests and Plant Diseases. — Mihly. 

 Bull. Stale Commiss. Hortic, Sacramento, Cal. iv, no. 8, August 

 1915, pp. 392-399, 7 figs. 



Saissetiu oleae (black scale) is generally distributed in all citrus 

 growing sections south of Tehachapi ; it is most destructive in the 

 coast counties, probably owing to the humid conditions. The eggs are 

 usually laid from May to July, but sometimes all stages are met with 

 throughout the year. This uneven hatching is most common near 

 the coast and causes poor results from fumigation, since eggs and old 

 scales are resistant to this treatment. The formula for the generation 

 of hydrocyanic acid gas used in fumigation is as follows : 1 oz. sodium 

 cyanide, Ij fluid oz. sulphuric acid (66° Be.), and 2 fluid oz. water. 

 The time of exposure is from 45 to 60 minutes ; the optimum tempera 

 ture is between 80° to 85° F. Orchards previously sprayed with 

 Bordeaux mixture should not be fumigated. On deciduous fruit trees 

 and olives, spraying is efficient and should be applied before the 

 scales have become half grown ; water distillate caustic soda mechanical 

 mixtare, distillate oil emulsion, crude oil emulsion or miscible oils 

 may be used. The formula for the caustic soda mixture is as follows : 

 water, 200 gals., caustic soda (95 per cent.), 7 lb., and distillate 

 (28° Be.), 10 gals. Distillate emulsion consists of : distillate, 

 20 gals. ; whale-oil soap, 30 lb. ; water, 12 gals. ; this is diluted in 

 20 parts water before use. Lepidosaphes heckii (purple scale) and 

 Chrysomphalus aurantii (red scale) occur in the southern citrus belt 

 of CaUfornia. C aurantii citrinwi (yellow scale) is found throughout 

 the entire citrus-growing section and is especially abundant in the 

 interior valleys. It also attacks rubber, ivy and citron. Pseudococcus 

 citri (mealy bug) occurs in greenhouses throughout the State, and 

 is occasionally a pest in Ventura, San Diego and Los Angeles 

 counties. The spray found most efficient against it is carbolic acid 

 emulsion, prepared according to the following formula : water, 

 40 gals. ; whale-oil soap, 40 lb. ; crude carbolic acid, 5 gals. This 

 spray should be applied between October and March. 



Insect Notes. — Mthly. Bull. Slate Commiss. Hortic., Sacramento, Cal. 

 iv, no. 8, August 1915, p. 400. 



A heavy infestation of the elm-leaf cluster louse was found in Yolo 

 County on 15th July, the winged form being common. Egg- masses 

 of Chrysopa californica were present ; the larvae, upon hatching, 

 burrowed into the leaf clusters in order to feed on the lice. Diabrotica 

 sorer , Lee. (western cucumber beetle) was abundant. The Cerambycid, 

 Ipoclius fasciatus, Lee, has recently been received from Ventura 

 county. Eulecanium (Lecanium) canadense, Ckll. (brown elm scale) 

 occurred on elm in Yolo county. A colony of Chilocorus bipunctatus, 



(C215) E 



