695 



Dissolve the soap in boiling water and add the petroleum, stirring 

 constantly till an even emulsion is obtained. 



BoNDAR (G.). Enemies of the Coconut Palm on the Coast of Brazil. 



— Secretaria da AgricuUura, Comniercio e Obras PubUcas de Eslado 

 de Sdo Paido, Boletim da Agricidtura, Sao Paido, Series 16, no. 5, 

 May 1915, pp. 435-441, 6 figs. (Abstract from Mthly. Bull. Agric. 

 Intelligence & Plant Diseases, Rome.) 



The coconut palms are frequently attacked by a bacterial disease 

 which has destroyed trees at Santos ; injuries caused by insects are 

 regarded as promoting the spread of the disease. The Curculionid, 

 Amerrhinus ]Mntheriniis, Oliv., lays its eggs in the petioles of the leaves 

 in which the larvae burrow longitudinally to such an extent that 

 tliey turn yellow and die. Other Curculionids injurious to native 

 Brazilian palms are : Honialonotus coriaceiis, Gyl.j H. deplanatus. 

 Sahib., SphenopJwrus ensirostris, Germ., Rhynchophorus palmarum, L., 

 and Archarias parens, Fhs. ; these insects may easily become pests of 

 coconuts. Alurnus marginatus, Guer., a Chrysomelid found on the 

 coast of Brazil, has attacked coconuts near Santos. The larvae devour 

 the young leaves as they begin to unroll, and also find their way into 

 the buds, thus destroying the future leaves ; serious injury is also 

 done to the well-developed leaves. In Brazil Cocos romanzoffiana is 

 attacked by the larvae of A. i-maculatiis, Guer., and of A. corallinus, 

 Vig. ; the latter pest has also been observed at Bahia. For the control 

 of these Chrysomelids, spraying with poisonous substances has been 

 used to advantage. The spray must be directed against the green 

 parts of the trees and especially against the buds. 



TuLLGREN (A.). Jordgubbarnes och smultronens fiender bland de lagre 

 djuren. [The insect enemies of strawberries.] — Trddgaiden, 

 Stockholm, xiv, no. 6, June 1915, pp. 167-169, 2 figs. [Received 

 12th September 1915.] 



The roots of strawberries are attacked by the larvae of cockchafers 

 wireworms and cutworms, and the larva of Hydroecia micacea, especi- 

 ally, has repeatedly been recorded as doing damage to the stems. The 

 Nematode, Aphelencusfragariae, Ritz. Bos, has also once been recorded 

 from Sweden, in Upland, when about 2,000 plants had to be destroyed. 

 No effective remedies are known against these pests except digging 

 up and destroying the plants attacked by Aphelenchus. The leaves 

 are attacked by a mite, Tarsonemus fragariae, Zimm., which lives on 

 their under surface, causing the leaves to turn brown and shrivel. 

 The leaves are also attacked by several beetles and larvae of 

 Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera, such as both larva and imago of 

 Gnlerucci tenella, L., the larva of Balophila rubi, Payk., and the sawfly, 

 Blennocampa genicidata, Steph., which oviposits on the edges of the 

 leaves. Against these insects spraying with arsenicals is recommended. 

 The flowers are injured by AntJio7iomiis rubi, Hbst., the female 

 ovipositing in the young buds and making an incision in the stalk 

 which prevents the buds from opening. These weevils are easily 

 collected in nets. 



