712 



Ehrhorn (E. M.). Report of the Division of Entomology. — Hawaiian 

 Forester & Agriculturist, Honolulu, xn, no. 8, August 1915, 

 pp. 215-216. 



Of 18,905 parcels examined in June 1915, 18,864 were passed as 

 free from pests, while 2 were fumigated, 38 burnt and 1 returned. 

 The following parasites were reared and distributed : Bred — 

 Tetrastichus, 24,510 ; Diachasma fullaum/i, 1,123 ; D. tryoni, 644 ; 

 African Spalatigia, 4,000 ; other species, 5,000. Liberated — Tetras- 

 tichus, 24,300 ; D. fuUawayi, 1,162 ; D. tri/oni, 646 ; African 

 Spalangia, 2,000 ; Optus humilis, 200 ; Philippine Sjmlangia, 2,500 ; 

 Philippine Pteromalid, 1,100 ; parasites of African hornfly, 200. 

 A total of 44,200 pupae were used in rearing these parasites. 



Sander (A.). Deutschlands Kampf mit dem Kartoffelkafer. [C4ermajiy's 

 struggle with the potato beetle.] — Milnchen-Gladbach, 1914, 

 46 pp., 5 plates, 1 fig. 



The Colorado beetle [Leptinotarsa decemlineata] was first found in 

 Germany near Cologne in June 1877. A much more dangerous outbreak 

 occurred in the same year near Torgau in 8axony. Drastic measures 

 were employed, even troops being utilised in exterminating the pest. 

 In 1887 there were one or two minor outbreaks which were eradicated 

 without much difficulty. A short account of the outbreaks in America 

 is given and the German ordinance of 26th February 1875 against the 

 importation of American potatoes or any parts thereof or of any 

 sacks or other containers which may have held American grown 

 potatoes, is quoted at length. Every country in Europe protected 

 itself by a similar regulation in the same year. The most recent 

 appearance of this pest in Germany occurred at Stade on the Elbe 

 on the 9th July 1914, and by the 20th July about 7 acres were attacked. 

 The beetles were collected in metal receptacles filled with leaves and 

 haulms, soaked in benzol and burned ; the land was dug to a depth of 

 about 8 inches, the potatoes collected and exammed and the soil well 

 harrowed and sprinkled with crude benzol and petroleum at the rate 

 of 3 quarts to the square yard ; in all more than 50 tons of benzol were 

 used. No one was allowed to leave the attacked area until his clothing 

 had been thoroughly disinfected, nor was anyone allowed to enter it 

 from the outside. The labourers' boots were washed with milk of 

 lime. Soft soap was used for washing the hands, and all who had 

 suffered from the handling of the beetles were treated with boric 

 ointment. The operations were completed by the end of July at a 

 cost of £2,500. 



Smith (G. P. D.). Bee Diseases. — Third Repl. of the Government Bureau 

 of Microbiology , for the year 1912, Sydney, 1914, pp. 134-135. 



Throughout the year specimens of bees afiected with the Isle of 

 Wight bee disease, Nosema apis, were received. The bees suffered 

 from a form of paralysis or from dysentery. Examination of the 

 faeces usually revealed the presence of large numbers of spores of 

 N. apis. 



