719 



•of L. laburnelJa are deposited on the underside of the leaf, near the 

 mid-rib. The larvae, after emergence, bore through the epidermis and 

 tunnel into the tissue of the leaf. Pupation takes place on the surface 

 of the leaf, in a cocoon. Adults emerge from July to September. The 

 mature larvae from eggs laid by this generation descend to the base 

 of the tree, where pupation takes place in the ground or among dead 

 leaves, etc. The adults from this generation emerge the following 

 spring. Young trees are especially liable to attack. G. syringella 

 produces two broods annually. Eggs are laid in May and June on the 

 leaf-stalks or on the upper surface of the leaves. The larvae emerge 

 in about a week after oviposition and bore into the leaf tissue. In the 

 late larval stages, feeding takes place in the rolled leaf. Pupation 

 occurs in cocoons in crevices of the trunk or \\\ the axils of the leaves. 

 Adults emerge in from 10 to 14 days. The larvae of the first brood 

 attack the apices of the leaves, those of the second the sides, base or 

 centre. The winter is passed in the pupal stage in cocoons on the stem. 

 Remedial measures consist of the removal of dead leaves from the 

 base of the stem and the treatment of the stems with a caustic alkali 

 wash. 



DupoRTE (E. M.). Experiments on the control of the bud moth. — Agric. 

 Gaz. Canada, Ottaim, ii, no. 9, September 1915, pp. 880-882. 



Spraying experiments were conducted in the spring against the 

 bud moth [Eucosma oceJIana]; the insecticide used was lime-sulphur 

 (concentrated home-made) diluted to 0"008, with lead arsenate paste 

 at the rate of 5 lb. per 100 gals. The spray, which was applied as 

 soon as the leaves were fully expanded on the 4th May, was the most 

 effective of any single spray, only 5 "8 per cent, of the insects surviving. 

 Next in effectiveness, was the one applied 3 days before the opening 

 of the flowers on the 12th May, while the one applied as soon as the 

 larvae began to enter the buds on the 27th April was, contrary to the 

 general opinion, not very effective. The effect of the fourth sprav 

 on the 3rd June, used separately, was not tried, but when combined 

 with the one applied on 12th May, the best two-spray result was 

 obtained, only 3 "8 per cent, of the bud moths being left. Summer 

 spraying experiments were carried out with lead arsenate in water at 

 the rate of 3 lb. of powdered arsenate per 100 gals. Though no accurate 

 count was kept of the number of eggs laid, a reduction of 80-85 per 

 cent, is considered to be a conservative estimate of the result. 



LouNSBURY (C. P.). Some Phases of the Locust Problem. — South 

 African Jl. Sci., Ca'pe Town, xii, no. 2, September 1915, pp. 33-45. 



There is reason to believe that South Africa is entering upon a cvcle 

 ■of years when locusts will be widespread and destructive. Within 

 a few months, locusts have appeared in small numbers from Basutoland 

 on the east to Namaqualand on the west, and some have been observed 

 as far north as Francistown in Southern Rhodesia and as far south as 

 Cradock in the Cape Province. As this has followed closelv on a 

 general drought and upon a period of freedom from locusts, it is 

 conjectured that a new locust-cycle has begun. The important species 



