732 



liberated in the open fields and some others transferred to the 

 insectaries. Up to the end of December no Phytalus larvae had 

 been found to be parasitised. 



Atkins (E. W.). Destruction of Comb by the Wax Moth Larvae. — 



Canadian Horticulturist & Beekeeper, Peterhoro, Out., xxiii, no. 9, 

 September 1915, p. 216. 



The larvae of the wax moth [Galleria mellonella] cause serious loss 

 to bee-keepers in Ontario. The incubation period of the eggs is from 

 10 to 12 days. The larvae feed on wax, pollen grains and old cocoons ; 

 the larval period lasts from 35 days to 6 weeks. Adrlts emerge about 

 2 weeks after the larvae have pupated. No parasites of the moth 

 are known in North America. Clean, white combs are seldom attacked. 

 For fumigating, sulphur should be used at the rate of 2 oz. for every 

 8 hive bodies containing frames, or carbon bisulphide, 2 oz. for 

 6 ten-framed hives. 



Gibson (A.). Control of Vegetable Insects. — Canadian Horticulturist, 

 Peterhoro, Out., xxxviii. no. 9, September 1915, p. 7. 



Recent experiments relating to the control of cutworms in dry areas, 

 such as South Alberta, have shown that better results have been 

 obtained where shorts has been substituted for bran in the poisoned 

 bait [see this Review, Ser. A, iii, p. 620]. For the protection of cauli- 

 flowers and cabbages, tarred paper disks placed round the stem at 

 the time of planting out gave satisfaction. Pyrethrum powder, 2 oz. 

 in 1 gal. water, or white hellebore of the same strength, was used for 

 radishes and onions, the mixture being applied once a week for 3 weeks 

 after the plants appeared above ground. 



Laffer (H. E.). Phylloxera] Investigations. — Jl. Dept. Agric. South 

 Australia, Adelaide, xix, no. 1, August 1915, pp. 64-71, 1 fig. 



In the Rutherglen district, visited by the author in April 1915, 

 about 20,000 acres of vines have been completely destroyed 

 by Phylloxera. The conditions in New South Wales are somewhat 

 similar, and South Australia is the only important vine-growing State 

 which so far remains free from attack. The methods of inspection of 

 stock are excellent up to a certain point, but do not prevent the 

 carriage of vines in personal luggage. The author is of the opinion 

 that in order to safeguard the viticultural industry of South Australia 

 the introduction of American vines should be allowed, in order to 

 establish a vineyard from which stocks can be obtained immediately 

 after an outbreak. The replanting of vineyards must keep pace with 

 the destruction of old vines, and this will only be possible if there is a 

 supply of new material within three years of the discovery of the pest. 

 In Europe, where the extermination of Phylloxera has been attempted 

 and failed, resistant American stocks have been successfuUv introduced. 



