734 



eggs are deposited in rows in the pith of Daucus carofa (wild carrot). 

 O.fasciatus is common throughout the United States. Breeding places 

 occur in raspberry plantations, vineyards, nurseries and occasionally 

 in orchards. Oviposition begins late in August and continues 

 throughout September. 0. pini, Beut., has been recorded from 

 Massachusetts, New York and New Jersey. This species is confined 

 to species of Pinus. 0. latipemiif, Riley, does not extend so far north 

 as the other species, and in New York has only been recorded in the 

 south-eastern portion. It attacks oak, grape-vine, cultivated flowers 

 and shrubs. Neoxabea bipimctafa, de Geer, which occurs in the 

 south-eastern corner of New York, in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, 

 Connecticut, etc., has been found on oak, willow and wild grape-vines. 

 [See this Review, Ser. A, ii, p. 673.] 



Parrot (P. J.). Insects affecting Production and Grading of Fruit. — 



Proc. 60th Ann. Meeting, Western New York Hortic. Soc, Geneva, 

 N.Y., 27th-29th January 1915, pp. 1-10, 7 figs. 



During 1914, the rosy aphis [Aphis sorbi] was destructive during 

 early summer, especially in apple orchards in comities bordering on 

 the shore of Lake Ontario. The most effective means of controlling 

 this pest consists of thoroughly spraying the trees when the buds are 

 showing green but are still compact. The best spray is f pt. nicotine 

 solution (40 per cent.) in 100 gals, water, to which is added from 3 to 5 lb. 

 dissolved soap. The pear psylla is most satisfactorily controlled by 

 the destruction of the eggs and young larvae of the first brood while 

 they are still on the branches, stems and fruit spurs, or on the unopened 

 buds. Injuries to mature apples in New York may be due to one or 

 more of the following insects :■ — San Jose scale [Aspidiotus j^erniciosus], 

 apple fruit-fly [Rhagoletis pomo7ieUa], codling moth [Cydia pomonella], 

 red bugs [Heterocordylus malinus and Lygidea mendax], leaf-rollers 

 [Archips], tussock moth [Hemerocampa], etc. Red bugs are prevalent 

 in Western New York and the Hudson River valley. The best spray 

 against these insects is nicotine solution, 1 pt. to 100 gals, water, with 

 the addition of from 3 to 5 lb. soap. Applications should be made 

 before the blossoms open and after the petals have fallen. The nicotine 

 solution, without the soap, may be added to lime-sulphur solution 

 and lead arsenate. 



The results of mixing the more common insecticides are as follows : — • 



(1) Better results by mixing : Paris green and Bordeaux mixture ; 

 lead arsenate and Bordeaux mixture ; tobacco with emulsions. 



(2) Properties unchanged : Lead arsenate (acid) and tobacco ; lead 

 arsenate (neutral) and Bordeaux mixture or tobacco ; lime-sulphur 

 and tobacco ; soap and tobacco or oil emulsions. (3) Efficient, non- 

 injurious : Lead arsenate (neutral) and lime-sulphur ; soap and 

 tobacco. (4) Inefficient, non-injurious : Lime-sulphur and soap, 

 alkalies or acids. (5) Dangerous : Paris green and lime-sulphur, soap 

 or oil emulsions ; lead arsenate (acid) with soap or emulsions of 

 alkalies ; emulsions and lime-sulphur ; zinc arsenite with fime-sulphur, 

 soap or emulsions ; sulphides of soda or potash with arsenicals. 



