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Lepidoptera. At Zuiidcrt, great damage was done by an outbreak 

 of Incurvaria rubiella, Kjerlc, as was also the case in 1909 and again 

 in 1911. The eggs are laid at the end of May or beginning of June on 

 raspberry flowers. After an interval, which has not yet been determined, 

 the larvae creep among the stems or drop by a thread to the ground, 

 and collect mostly about the base of the plant, where they spin small 

 white cocoons covered with particles of earth in which they hibernate. 

 In March and April of the following year they leave the cocoons, again 

 creep up the stems and begin eating into the buds, and when full grown, 

 bore into the pith and pupate there ; the pupal stage lasts about three 

 weeks. The damage done is very serious, as the buds wither and no 

 shoot is produced ; 50 per cent, of the crop is commonly lost and it 

 has been observed that the amount of damage steadily increases after 

 the first two years. Spraying with lead arsenate early in March is 

 advised, so that when the larvae begin to feed, they will find the buds 

 poisoned ; this should be repeated every ten days according to the 

 weather. The lead arsenate will adhere better if combined with 

 California mixture, and though this increases the cost, the sulphur 

 acts as a further deterrent and keeps the larvae from the buds. Smearing 

 the lower parts of the stems with soap to prevent the larvae from 

 climbing is very useful in combination with the spraying. Larvae of 

 Lcucoptera {Cemiostoma) laburnella, Staint., damaged laburnum in 

 Amsterdam, and Gracilaria syringella, F., attacked s}Tingas at Zwolle 

 and privet at Amsterdam. ColeopJiora laricella, Hb., did considerable 

 damage to larches. The moths are on the wing in the second half of 

 May and usuall} lay only one egg on a needle in which the larva, which 

 hatches in about 10 days, at once begins to bore. In the autumn the 

 larva attaches itself to a bud by a web and hibernates. In the following 

 spring it creeps to the tops of the young needles and destroys them. 

 The damage done is often very serious and there is no known method 

 of control which is of any real value ; certain insectivorous birds, 

 especially finches, seem to exercise a certain degree of natural control. 

 Coleophora hemerobiella, Scop., did very serious damage in a nursery 

 of pear trees at Blauwkapel. As soon as the fruit began to set, the 

 larvae bored a small hole into it, thus deforming it and greatly lowering 

 its market value. In 1912 the varieties Doyenne du Comice and 

 Beurre Clairgeau were specially attacked ; Louise Bonne d'Avranches 

 suffered less. Timely spraying with Paris green or lead arsenate will 

 kill most of the pests, but in the case in question, this could not be 

 done, as cabbages were grown under the pear trees. The owner was 

 advised in the following winter to clear off any ragged bark from the 

 old wood, and thus get rid of numbers of hibernating larvae, and then 

 to spray the trees with a 10 per cent, carbolineum solution. Parsnip 

 flowers were sent to the Station, the stalks and unripe fruits of which 

 were gnawed and bound together with web by very active caterpillars, 

 which were identified as Depressaria heracleana, de Geer ; the injury 

 greatly resembled that done to caraways by the caraway moth, Depres- 

 saria apicella, Hb. {nervosa, Haw.). The ends of the twigs of juniper 

 bushes were damaged by Argyresthia arceuthina, Zell. ; the moth flies 

 in April and May, and as the larvae are full grown in spring, they would 

 appear to hibernate in the twigs. At Tilburg, the cherry trees, 

 especially the variety Reine Hortense, werebadly attacked by Enarmonia 

 {Grapholitlia) woberiana, Schiff. ; this is the first case of attack on cherry 



