746 



1883, 1851 and 1837. Trials were made at Cockle Park with a view 

 to preventing oviposition on turnips. A strongly infested turnip 

 field was chosen and square plots, each one-twentieth of an acre in 

 area, were marked out, and received dressings as follows : — Plot 1. 

 Paraffin and fine sand : 1| pints of paraffin to 1 bushel of sand, spread 

 by hand along the drills, over and around the turnips, at the rate of 

 6 cwt. per acre. Plot 2. Lime-sulphur : 1 lb. of shell-lime (slaked 

 before boiling) and 1 lb. of sulphur boiled in 1 gal. of water for half -a n- 

 hour ; this was then made up to 10 gals, with water, and applied at 

 the rate of 40 gals, per acre by means of a knapsack sprayer. Plot 3. 

 Paraffin and sand, as for plot 1, but at the rate of 3 cwt. per acre and 

 broad-casted. Plot 4. Ground lime used fresh at the rate of 2h cwt. 

 per acre. The above substances were applied on the afternoon of 

 23rd June, and on the following day, the leaves of the turnips along 

 the rows in each plot were carefully disturbed. Practically no moths 

 appeared in plots 1 and 4, very few in plot 3, but several in plot 2. 

 In other parts of the field, adjacent to the plots, large numbers could 

 be disturbed. The plots were examined for some days afterwards, 

 when it was found that the moths were again beginning to be abundant 

 in plots 1 and 3, whereas they were still practically absent from plot 4. 

 No harmful results followed the dressing of ground line. When the 

 caterpillars are on the leaves, most benefit seems to have been derived 

 from brushing the leaves by means of a scuffler to which branches were 

 attached, or by some modification of this method. Mr. Nichol of 

 Adderstone Grange, Belford, adopted with much success the plan of 

 fixing a pole in front of the scuffler, with bags hanging from the pole 

 (preferably containing a little sand or soil mixed with paraffin) in such 

 a way that the bags brushed four drills of turnips. By this method 

 the leaves of each drill were brushed four times during the operation 

 of scuffling. It was noticed by Mr. Morgan, at Cockle Park, in 1914, 

 that turnips singled when the plants were small, sufi'ered more from 

 the caterpillars than when this was done with stronger and older 

 plants. The last turnips to be singled suffered most, probably because 

 the attack was more severe as the season advanced. Two cases are 

 recorded in which starlings and plovers cleared the caterpillars from 

 badly attacked fields of turnips. Near West Hartlepool, coke fires 

 w^ere placed round headlands of infested turnip fields and a large 

 number of moths attracted by the light were killed. 



This pest is always present, but only in specially dry seasons does 

 it increase to the extent of becoming injurious. Parasitic enemies 

 exercise considerable control. Out of 200 cocoons taken from a turnip 

 field on 28th July and kept in jars, only 22 moths appeared, the 

 remaining 178 being parasitised, the Ichneumon, Limneria gracilis, 

 being one of the parasites concerned. 



GoLLEDGE (C. J.). The insects injurious to Chrysanthemums in Britain. 



— Jl. North of England Hortic. Soc, Leeds, nos. 53-54, August- 

 September 1915, pp. 205-216. [Received 11th October 1915:] 



Red spider, TetranycJius telarius, L., chiefly injures the young leaves 

 of chrysanthemums. Free use of fresh water as a spray, both in the 

 open and under glass, is an excellent remedy against it. Fumigation 



