758 



they control the lantana. The most noted case of introduction of 

 beneficial insects in Hawaii occurred in 1904-1905, when Messrs. 

 Koebele and Perkins introduced from Australia and Fiji the egg- 

 parasites for the sugar-cane leaf-hopper, Perkinsiella saccharic ida. 

 These were three Mymarids, Paranagrus O'ptabilis, P. perforator and 

 Anagrus frequens, and a Chalcid, Ootetrastichus heatus. Two or three 

 years later there was comparatively little complaint of injury or loss by 

 P. saccliaricida and sugar-cane was again grown without the severe 

 set-back to which young cane was always subject when the pest was at 

 its worst, and which often resulted in ruining whole fields, in one case 

 nearly 9,000 acres. In the year preceding the establishment of the 

 parasites, leaf-hopper injury to cane amounted to £750,000 and the 

 .sugar industry was threatened with ruin. Of the different parasites, 

 P. optabilis has been the most useful. Another remarkably successful 

 parasite introduction was a Tachinid, Ceromasia sj^henophori, parasitic 

 on Rhabdocnemis obscura (sugar-cane weevil borer). This was brought 

 from New Guinea by Mr. F. Muir in 1910 [see this Review, Ser. A, iii, 

 p. 133]. Several species of fruit-fly parasites were brought from 

 Africa and Australia by Dr. F. Silvestri in 1913. Some of these were 

 reared in large numbers and widely distributed and in the following 

 year, Ojnus humilis from Africa and Diachasma tryoni from Australia 

 were found to be quite widely spread. Further introductions were 

 made by Mr. D. T. FuUaway in 1914, but it is yet too early to expect 

 extensive results from them. 



Childs (L.). Spraying Notes on the Control of the Fruit-Tree Leaf- 

 Roller in the Hood River Valley. — Jl. Econ. Entom., Concord, viii, 

 no. 5, October 1915, pp. 450-456. 



In the Hood River Valley, the presence of the apple leaf-roller 

 [Cacoecia argyrosjnla] is not general, nor has the infestation at any 

 time occurred to such an extent as to cause noticeable defoliation. 

 The injury to the fruit, however, often approached 40 per cent, of the 

 entire crop. On trees in light bearing the injury was even more severe, 

 amounting to more than 50 per cent. In the spring of 1915, a series 

 of experiments was made to determine the most advantageous method 

 that could be employed under local conditions. The experimental 

 orchard was planted with twelve-year-old Spitzenburg apples. It was 

 found that the results were most satisfactory where lead arsenate 

 was used at the rate of 6 lb. to 50 U.S. gals, water on 3rd April and 

 14th April, and also where miscible oil emulsion at the rate of 5, 6, 7 and 

 8 gals, per 100 gals, water was applied on 3rd April. Miscible oil 

 is by far the more economical. For complete safety to the foliage, the 

 oil applications should be made before the buds burst. 



Melander (A. L.). Varying Susceptibility of the San Jos6 Scale to 

 Sprays. — Jl. Econ. Entoyn., Concord, viii, no. 5, October 1915, 

 pp. 475-481. 



This investigation shows that differences in results from spraying 

 against Aspidiohis perniciosus, are due to locality rather than to the 

 strength of the solutions used. This difference cannot be wholly 

 attributed to climate, the condition of the trees, the water used in 



