763 



harvest until plantiiifi; time of the following year. If seed intended 

 for planting is stored in tight bags and held over for a year, the adults 

 will emerge and die before the next planting season arrives. Fumi- 

 gation by means of carbon bisulphide is a more satisfactory method. 

 Acyrthosi phon {Aphis) pisi, Kalt., appears in pea-growing areas at 

 intervals and may practically destroy the season's crop. Heavy rain 

 greatly reduces the numbers of this pest. 



Piper (C. V.) & McKee (R.). Bur Clover.— C/. 5. Dept. Agric, 

 Washington, D.C., Farmers' Bull. no. 693, 15th October 1915, 

 14 pp., 7 figs., 1 table. 



The most important insect enemy of bur-clover is the clover-seed 

 Chalcid [Bruchophagus funebris], which also attacks red clover and 

 lucerne. The eggs are laid in the seed-pods, within which development 

 to the adult stage takes place. The quantity of seed thus destroyed 

 is considerable. In California probably 10 per cent, of the early- 

 maturing seed is destroyed, while the loss of late seed may reach 75 

 per cent. In the South, ttie loss is probably not so great. No practical 

 method of controlling this insect is known. 



MoTTAREALE (C4.). Cladosporium sp., in the Control of the Citrus 

 Scale, Chrysomphalus dicti/osperini, var. pinmdifera, in Calabria. — 

 Atti del R. Istiluto d' Incoraggiamento di Napoli, Naples, Ixvi, 

 Ser. 6, 1915, pp. 27-31. [Abstract in Mthly. Bull. Agric. Intell. 

 & Plant Dis., Rome, October 1915.] 



Chrysom]}halus dictyospermi var. pinnidifera, after spreading from 

 the citrus plantations of Sicily to those in Calabria, has soon covered 

 large areas, damaging not only the fruit, especially of bergamots, but 

 also the green twigs and leaves. The local growers deal effectively 

 Avith this scale by washing with lime-sulphur. The agricultural 

 adviser for the province of Reggio has carried out successful experi- 

 ments with hydrocyanic acid fumigation at Pellaro. In 1913, when 

 the weather conditions allowed this scale to go on breeding even 

 in November, its activity appeared to have diminished, as, 

 even where the known means of control had not been applied, the 

 plants had regained their vigour. Microscopic examination showed 

 the presence of a species of Cladosporium, which was undoubtedly 

 the cause of the death of the scales ; no other fungi or bacteria were 

 observed. 



Grassi (B.). The Present State of our Knowledge of the Biology of 

 the Vine Phylloxera.— Mthly. Bull. Agric. Intell. Plant Dis., Rome, 

 vi. no. 10, October 1915, pp. 1269-1290. 



The author was charged by the Italian Ministry of Agriculture to 

 study the biology of Phylloxera with a view to elucidating certain 

 doubtful and important questions, which still remained unanswered. 

 According to the laws of priority, the name Phylloxera vastatrix, 

 Planch., should be replaced by Phylloxera (Viteus) vitifolii, Fitch, but 

 the author is not inclined to adopt the change himself, owing to the 

 long-established use of the former name. Our knowledge of the 



