15 



ovidciitly iiiticKhiced sonio 10 or 15 years ago from Canada, and is at 

 present conlined to certain deiinite localities in the State, whence 

 it is gradually extending. The losses in Door county in 1918 were 

 estimated at 40 per cent. Hibernation occurs in the soil, where a 

 small cocoon of soil particles is constructed, the moth emerging about 

 mid- July. The larvae penetrate through the pea-pod and feed on the 

 developing peas. Under the present system of cultivation, spraying is 

 impossible. Peas that mature before 20th July, such as the early 

 canning varieties, will probably escape injury, but as yet nothing has 

 been done to protect the later kinds. 



About one-third of the potato crop was lost owing to the presence 

 of the potato leafhopper [Empoasca maW] and the condition known as 

 " tipburn " produced by its attacks. This appears first as a slight 

 yellowing, usually at the tip of the leaf, which spreads into a browning 

 or curhng upward of the edge. Bordeaux mixture (4:4: 50) alone, or 

 preferably with nicotine sulphate (1 : 1,200), will protect the plants 

 from bad infestation. A fungus disease attacks both adults and 

 nymphs, and a small Hymenopterous parasite has been bred from the 



eggs. 



The strawberry crown miner [Arisiotelia sp.] is apparently well 

 estabUshed in the State. The moth oviposits on strawberry plants in 

 the spring, and the larvae burrow into the crown or along the root, 

 pupation occurring in the tunnels, where the winter is spent. Older 

 beds seem to be more severely attacked than young ones. In cases of 

 bad infestation the best plan is to plough the bed in early autumn 

 so that the roots will dry up before the larvae mature. Spraying the 

 plants with an arsenical solution in early spring while the young larvae 

 are hatching might prevent their entrance to the crown of the plant, 

 but this has not yet been tested. 



LovETT (A. L.) cS: Fulton (B. B.). Fruit Grower's Handbook of Apple 



and Pear Insects. — Oregon Agric. Expt. Sta., Corvallis, Circ. 22, 

 April 1920, 71 pp., 41 figs. [Received 8th November 1920.] 

 The purpose of this small handbook is to enable the fruit-grower 

 to distinguish the insect pests of fruit and to assist him in controlhng 

 them. The insects are classified as injuring fruit, buds and leaves, or 

 roots, trunks, branches and twigs, and a key for identifying them is 

 given at the head of each group. The life-history and habits of each 

 pest is briefly dealt with, and simple practical remedies are suggested. 

 A chart indicates the best times for remedial, measures, and directions 

 are given for the preparation of the commoner insecticides, including 

 a simplified lime-sulphur dilution table. The value of this handbook 

 is considerably enhanced by both the scientific and popular names of 

 each pest being given. 



Herrick (G. W.). The Apple Maggot in New York. — Cornell Univ. 



Agric. Expt. Sta., Ithaca, N.Y., Bull. 402, I\larch 1920, pp. 89- 



101, 7 figs. [Received 8th November 1920.] 



. Rhagoletis pomonella, Walsh (apple maggot or railroad worm) 



is one of the more serious pests of apple in parts of New York State. 



Its Hfe-history [R.A.E., A, iv, 370] and distribution in the State are 



recorded. In New York the flies are on the wing from the middle of 



June to the end of July or a httle later. Experiments in its control 



have confirmed the results obtained by previous workers [R.A.E., A, 



vii, 212], the spray formula recommended being 5 lb. lead arsenate 



paste to 100 U.S. gals, water. 



