.21 



McDaniel (E.). Spruce Budworm {Tortrix fumiferana, Clem.). — 

 Michigan Agric. Expt. Sta. Qtrly. Bull., East Lansing, iii, no. 1, 

 August 1920, pp. 13-14, 2 figs. 



The discovery of larvae of Tortrix fumiferana (spruce bud moth) 

 in Michigan is a serious matter in view of the fact that this insect has 

 caused the destruction of large coniferous forests both in New England 

 and Canada. 



The larvae feed on the buds and shoots of conifers, spinning them 

 together into shelters in which they pass the winter. They pupate in 

 nests on the terminal twigs about the end of June. The moth has a 

 wide range, and infestation spreads rapidly. The trees attacked are fir, 

 spruce, larch, hemlock, balsam and white pine. 



Infested trees, if valuable enough, should be sprayed with lead 

 arsenate (2A lb. powder to 50 U.S.. gals, water) soon after the young 

 shoots open, and again a week or ten days later. 



CooLEY (R. k). Seventeenth Annual Report o£ the State Entomologist 



of Montana. — Montana Agric. Expt. Sta., Bozeman, Bull. 133, 

 December 1919, 15 pp., 1 fig. [Received 16th November 1920.] 



A list is given of the commoner insect pests of 1919. Porosagrotis 

 orthogonia (pale western cutworm) is now recognised as being quite as 

 serious as Chorizagrotis auxiliaris (army cutworm), and destroyed over 

 £200,000 worth of grain in 1919. It has a long period of larval feeding 

 for about two months from the middle of April, and the damage it 

 does is so prolonged that it makes it too late to put in a second crop 

 of spring grain if necessary. This cutworm is not heavily attacked by 

 parasites, and as it feeds underground, it is not affected by poison- 

 baits or other methods of control at present known. 



Grasshoppers were more than usually numerous, particularly 

 Eritettix tricarinata, Camniila pellucida and Aulocara elliotti, the last- 

 named being one of the worst insect enemies to range grass. Grass- 

 hoppers of the type of Melanoplus atlantis, on the other hand, were not 

 abundant anywhere, probably because of the activities of parasitic 

 flies [Sarcophaga spp.]. No parasites were observed in connection 

 with the three species first mentioned, and it seems probable that 

 grasshoppers will be a serious problem for several years. 



Loxostege sticticalis (sugar-beet webworm) occurred in large numbers 

 on Russian thistle in wheat fields, where it did no damage, as it does 

 not attack wheat, but it caused real injury in gardens to beets, spinach, 

 and a few other plants. It is capable of doing extensive damage in 

 sugar-beet fields. 



Hypera variabilis {Phytonomus posticus) (alfalfa weevil) will probably 

 reach Montana in the normal course of its spread in a year or two, 

 and become a serious pest a few years later. Meanwhile a quarantine 

 against the whole of Idaho will be essential. 



Legislative measures against American foulbrood, which has caused 

 great loss in the State, are proposed. 



Cydia [Carpocapsa) pomonella (codling moth) attracted attention, 

 the early summer enabhng a destructive second brood to develop. 

 It will probably not be so serious in future years, but a consistent 

 spraying programme against it and other pests and diseases should be 

 adopted by all fruit-growers. 



A leaf-roller, either Tortrix (Archips) argyrospila or T. {A.) rosaccana, 

 which appeared in injurious numbers on apple trees, may be satisfac- 



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