22. 



torily controlled by the use of miscible oils applied as a spray as early 

 as possible in the spring. This pest usually occurs intermittently. 



Flea-beetles were numerous, and caused rather extensive damage 

 early in the season to tomato and potato plants and sugar-beets. 

 Several species were noticed, the most injurious being Epitrix subcrinila. 



Paillot (A.). L'lmmunit^ chez les Insectes. — C.R. hebdom. Acad. 

 Sci., Paris, clxxi, no. 16, 18th October 1920, pp. 757-759, 1 fig. 



Immunity in msects is not considered to be essentially the result 

 of a change of activity in the phagocytes, but is probably due to a 

 series of varied reactions, in more or less close relation to each other, 

 the intensity of which varies according to the individual, the organism 

 inoculated, temperature, etc. These reactions jointly constitute a 

 biological table characterised by its great complexity and variability. 

 As a result of experiments with Nygmia phacoryhoea {Eiiproclis chrysor- 

 rhoea) , Porthctria {Lymantria) dispiir and Vanessa polychlorus, inoculated 

 with Bacillus melolonihac non-liqitcfaciens, B. pieris non-liquefaciens and 

 B. bomhycis non-liqiiefaciens, it is thought that the variations in the 

 intensity of phagocytosis is due less to a change in the sensibility of 

 the phagocyte than to a physico-chemical modification of the substance 

 of the microbe, and that phagocytes play no part either directly or 

 indirectly in the granular transformation of the organism. The 

 extracellular destruction of microbes in the blood of insects is not 

 necessarily preceded by their granular transformation. Certain bacteria 

 are able to resist the action of the blood and multiply actively, causing 

 death of the host as a result of septicaemia. 



HouLBERT (C). Les Insectes. Anatomie. et Physiologic g^u^rales : 

 Introduction a I'Etude de TEntomologie biologique. — Paris, 

 Librairie Octave Doin, 1920, 2nd Edn., 374 pp., 207 ligs. Price 

 8 fr. paper, 10 fr. boards. 



This httle handbook, M'hich forms a volume of the " Encyclopedic 

 Scientifique," is written for those who desire a general and elementary 

 knowledge of entomology. The history of the science up to the present 

 day is briefly reviewed, and the anatomy, physiology and biology of 

 insects is discussed. A section of the book deals with economic 

 entomology, remedial measures against pests, the geographical dis- 

 tribution of insects and their relation to agriculture. Insect parasitism 

 of man, animals and other insects is briefiy touched upon. Under the 

 heading of applied entomology the classification of insects is briefly 

 explained and a table for determining the natural orders of insects 

 is given. A bibliographic and a general index are appended. 



Marchal (P.) & FoEx (E.). Rapport Phytopathologique pour PAnn6e 



1918.— ^ww. Service des Epiphxtics, Paris, vi, (1918) 1919, 

 pp. 5-33. [Received 12th November 1920.] 



The general lines of work of the Service des Epiphytics are outlined. 

 The distribution of Novitis cardinalis lor the control of Aiilacaspis 

 {Diaspis) pcnlagona was continued. 



The following pests were intercepted in material for export to 

 the United States : — Nygmia phaeorrhoea {Euproctis cIirysorrhQea), 

 Porthetria {Eiparis) dispar, Aporia crataegi, Acronycta rumicis, and 

 Anthonomiis rectirostris {druparum), the last-named being found in 

 seeds of Ccrasus avium. 



