24 



miniita, F., Leptidea bycvipcnnh. Mills., and Necydalis ulmi, Chev. ; 

 Pogonochaertis dentatus. Four., Ilnphcncmia curailionoides, L., Niphona 

 picticornis, Muls., and Dofcnfypiis iyisfis, L. 



Otlicr wood-inliabiting insects include Caloicnncs JlnvicolUs, F., 

 ants, Vespids, etc. ; those attacking the leaves include the Lepidoptera, 

 Arctia ccija, L., Simacthis nemorana, Hb., with its parasites Pimpla 

 ciy/lifonoia, Kriechb., Apanlclca sicarius. Marsh., and Sienomesius 

 riifcscens, Rossi; the Rhynchota :^//omo/owa /c»s, Guer., with its 

 enemy Rhopalum clavipes, L. ; the Jassids, Typhlocyba rosae, L., and 

 Etnpoasca {Chlorita) fiavcscens, F.; the Fulgorid, Ilysteropterongrylloides, 

 F. ; the scales, Lepidosaphes ulmi, L. {conchifoniiis, Gmel.), Saisse/ia 

 olcac, Bern., Coccus {Lccaniinii) hcsperidiim, L., and Ccroplasics rtisci, 

 L., the enemies of which are Enhlciuma [Thalpochares) scitiila, Ramb., 

 Scutellista cyanea, Mot., and Spilomcna Iroglodytrs, Lind. 



Insects found in the figs themselves include BlastopJiaga psenes, L., 

 Philotn'pcsis caricae, Hass., and certain Diptera and Orthoptera. 



It is noticeable that it is generally specihc pests that are most in- 

 jurious to fig-trees, which is contrary to the case of the vine. Fig-trees 

 are ubiquitous, but occur singly, and cultivation is generally non- 

 existent where they are grown. While most of the pests occur both 

 on " cai)rifico " and cultivated figs, Blaslophaga psenes and Philo- 

 trypesis caricae are not adapted to cultivated figs, on which they are 

 replaced by the Diptera connnon to all puljiy fruit, notably by Ceratitis. 



Parasites are an important consideration with regard fo fig pests, 

 and 4t is obvious that many of them have a very lengthy larval period 

 and frequently develop at the expense of hosts that are in the second 

 year of their life-cycle. The conclusion is reached that, though parasites 

 constitute periodically an obstacle to the multiplication of certain 

 species, they do not as a whole ever multiply to such an extent as to 

 overwhelm their hosts. 



Arnaud (G.), Maladies nouvelles oii peu conniies en France. Serie ii.^ 



Ann. Service dcs Epiphv/ies, Paris. \i. (U)1S) 1919, pp. 214-227, 

 11 figs. [Received 12th November 1920.] 



In the course of this discussion of plant diseases in France it is 

 mentioned that the disease known as " silver leaf " of the laurel. 

 Viburnum tinus, is caused by the punctures of a thrips, probably 

 Ihiiothrips haeniorrhoidalis. This disease greatl}^ lowers the vitality 

 of the plant and may even cause its death ; it has occurred in Mont- 

 pellier for the past 10 years, but its cause was not previously understood. 



Lesne (P.). Un Chalcidide nuisible a I'Amandier dans la Region 

 Syrienne. -.1;/;/. Service des Epiphvties, Paris, vi, (1918) 1919, 

 pp. 228-241, 14 ligs. [Received 12th November 1920.] 



The Chalcid, Eurylorna amygdali, is a serious pest of almonds in 

 certain parts of Syria. A description of the insect is given that com- 

 pletes and rectifies in certain points the original one by Endcrlein in 

 1907, and includes a description of a mature larva. The habits of and 

 injury caused by the pest are described, largely from Aharoni's account 

 [R.A.E., A, V, 374]. A Chalcid has been reared in Paris from 

 almonds sent from Palestine that is believed to be a parasite of E. 

 amygdali. The only indi^•idual obtained is imperfect and cannot 

 tlierefore be identified, but a description of it is given. Another 

 enemy is a spider that enters the almond before E. amygdali has 

 emerged and devours it. 



