6 



TragArdh (I). Undersokningar over Nimnans Upptradande i Gualov 



1915-1917. 1 Investigations on the Occurn'uce of the Nun Moth 

 near Gualov in 1915-1917.] — Medd. Statens Skogsforsoksanstalt, 

 Stockholm, Haft 17, no. 4, 1920, pp. 301-328, 6 figs. [With a 

 Summaiy in German.] 



In the last century there were periodical outbreaks of the nun moth, 

 Liparis monacha, in Sweden near Gualov. In the summer of 191vS 

 isolated caterpillars appeared and in August the moths were on the 

 wing in large numbers. During 1916 and 1917 a count of the eggs was 

 taken with the result that the infestation was classed as slight. As 

 the position of the eggs on the trunk is important in connection with 

 banding, careful observations were made. It was found that on stems 

 of 3|- inches diameter a band at breast height would afford protection 

 against 50 per cent, of the newly hatched caterpillars, but that on stems 

 of 6 J inches diameter the band must be 10 feet from the ground to have 

 the same effect. 



During the 1916 count careful note was taken of the dead eggs and 

 empty shells of 1915. The figures obtained are not reliable as wind and 

 weather must have carried away many eggs, and in proportion, more 

 empty shells than dead eggs must have been lost. It is, however, 

 interestifig that a certain percentage of eggs remained undeveloped, 

 In 1917, 36-3 per cent, of the eggs were dead; of these 21-8 were 

 unfertilised and 14-5 contained dead larvae. 



No egg-parasites were observed, but of other parasites Diptera pre- 

 dominated in the larvae and Hymenoptera in the pupae. The 

 Hymenoptera included Pi^npla arciica, Zett., P. instigator, F., Theronia 

 aialantae, Poda, Apcditis riifata, Hgn., A. dentata, Thoms., and Amhly- 

 teles quadripunctoriits, Mlill. The last three have not been noticed 

 before as nun moth parasites. The parasitic flies included Sarcophaga 

 (Agria) affinis, Fall., a large Tachinid larva, and Parasetigena segregata, 

 Rond., which last, though one of the most important parasites in 

 Germany, has not been recorded hitherto in Sweden. In the autumn 

 of 1916, .S. affinis predominated ; some authors think this species to be 

 unimportant as they believe it to be saprophagous. 



The egg-count in 1916 pointed to a reduction in infestation in the 

 following years, and this proved to be the case. The observations in 

 question confirm previous experience as to the great resistance of pines 

 to nun moth attack. 



Okuni (T.). Keshi no Gaichu Yoho. [Insects injurious to the Poppy 

 in Formosa ; Preliminary Report.] — Formosa Agric. Expt. Sta., 

 Bull. 139, July 1920, pp. 1-30, 1 plate. 



This report deals with the morphology and economic relations to 

 the plants of the following pests of the poppy : — Thrips sp., which injures 

 the stamens and pods ; Gryllotalpa africana, Pall., attacking the 

 roots ; Heliothis obsoleta, F., injuring the young leaves and flower 

 buds ; Agrotis ypsilon, Rott., injuring the leaves ; Prodenia litiira, F., 

 which attacks the stems and leaves ; and Phytometra ni, Hb. 



Harukavva (T.). Nikwa-Meichu Shinsui Kujoho. [A Method of Con- 

 trolling the Two-brooded Paddy Borer {Chilo simplex, Butl.) by 

 Submergence.] — Nogaku Kivai Ho [J I. Scientific Agric. Soc.'\, 

 Tokyo, no. 213, 5th May 1920, pp. 335-372. 



Experiments as to whether the paddy borer may be controlled by 

 submergence in water have been conducted by various Japanese 



