71 



Aleurocanthus spiniferits, Quaint., is a pest of Citnis spp., having 

 been observed at Pusa infesting orange, lemon and pomelo leaves. 

 It does not appear to be injurious to the plants, except by encouraging 

 the deposit of Capnodhim sp. on the leaves. Nymphs and puparia 

 are devoured by the grubs of Chrysopa fulvolineata, and are parasitised 

 by a small Chalcid. 



MiSRA (C. S.). The Rice Leaf-hoppers.— i?^/)/. Proc 3rd Eniom. 



■ Meeting, Pusa, February 1919, Calcutta, ii, 1920, pp. 433-443, 

 1 plate. 



The leafhoppers [Nephotettix spp.] infesting rice in various locaHties 

 in India, and in particular in the Lushai Hills and a tract of country 

 from Balasore in the east to the Raipur District in the Central Provinces 

 in the west, are enumerated, with notes on their hfe-histories and 

 habits \R.A.E., A, viii, 472]. The preventive and remedial 

 measures tried in 1915 [R.A.E., A, iii, 528] are recommended. 



Fletcher (T. B.) & Misra (C. S.). Cotton Bollworms in Indisi.—Rept. 

 Proc. 3rd Entoni. Meeting, Pusa, February 1919, Calcutta, ii, 1920, 

 pp. 443-472, 1 plate. 



The conclusions that have been reached after many years' study of 

 cotton bollworms in Pusa and elsewhere are recorded. Much of the 

 information has been noticed in previous papers [R.A.E., A, vii, 

 71-73, 132, 287, etc.]. The acreage of the various areas under cotton 

 in India is given with the yield from each ; in all these the three chief 

 species of bollworms are present. In the Punjab and Bombay, Earias 

 insnlana preponderates over E. fabia, which outnumbers the former in 

 Bihar and Orissa, Bengal, Madras and the Central Provinces. At 

 Pusa, E. fabia is the commoner species, E. insulana being found more 

 in Abutilon indicum than in cotton. In the United Provinces E. fabia 

 occurs also in greater numbers than E. insulana, though the greatest 

 pest of cotton in these Provinces is Platyedra {Gelechia) gossypiella, 

 which, moreover, is less susceptible to the attack of parasites than the 

 others. 



The life-histories of E. fabia and E. insulana have been worked 

 out under Pusa conditions, that of E. fabia lasting from 21 to 32 days. 

 The female moths fly after dusk and oviposit on the flowers, leaf- 

 buds, tender top-leaves, capsules and fiower-bracts of cotton. The 

 young larvae bore into the buds, bolls or top-shoots. At Pusa both 

 larvae and adults are present throughout the year, and there is no 

 true hibernation, though activity is considerably restricted during 

 the winter months. Oviposition usually begins with warmer tempera- 

 ture, winter vegetables being then replaced by bhindi {Hibiscus 

 esculenttis) , which is the alternative food-plant. The tops of affected 

 plants, if allowed to remain, soon send out fresh shoots, which again 

 are attacked. In this way the growth is retarded, and the normal 

 number of bolls is not produced. Such plants have a characteristic 

 appearance, and should be pulled up and burnt. When the young 

 plants are about a foot high, it is usual to thin them out ; if cultivators 

 could be made to realise the necessity of puUing up at this time any 

 that show signs of withering, much good would be done. 



The two species of Earias are found at Pusa in cotton, Hibiscus 

 esculentus, H. abelmoschus, H. sabdariffa, H. panduriformis, H. 

 rosa-sinensis, H. cannabinus, Abutilon indicum and Althaea rosea. In 



