75 



Shroff (K. D). List of the Pests of Fruit-trees (including Palms) in 

 Burma.— /?t'/)/. Proc. 3rd Entom. Meeting, Piisa, Fehniarv 1919 

 Calcutta, ii, 1920, pp. 596-600. 



This list is accompanied by remarks indicating the status of the 

 pests enumerated. 



Ramakrishxa Ayvak (T. \'.). Coccids affecting Fruit-trees in 

 Southern India. — Rept. Proc. 3rd En/om. Meeting, Pusa, February 

 1919, Calcutta, ii, 1920, pp. 601-609. 



The recent rapid extension of the area under fruit in India has 

 encouraged the dissemination of various Coccids, which, although only 

 in a few instances causing very serious losses at the present time, 

 are yet potential pests of importance. Those here recorded include 61 

 species, for which the localities and extent of the damage done are 

 indicated, [cf. R.A.E., A, vii, 402; viii, 146]. 



MiSRA (C. S.). Tukra Disease of Mulberry.— i?t'^/. Proc. 3rd Entom. 

 Meeting, Pusa, February 1919, Calcutta, ii, 1920, pp. 610-618, 

 1 plate. 



The disease of mulberry trees known locally as " tukra," and by 

 various other native names denoting malformation of the leaves and 

 shoots, is caused b}- the mealy-bug, Phenacoccus hirsutus. Green, and 

 not by Dactylopius bromeliae as was hitherto thought. The author has 

 observed the disease at Pusa, and in the silk-growing districts of Bengal, 

 Murshidabad, Malda and Bankura, and it may occur in other locahties. 

 The shoots of plants infested with the nymphs of P. hirsutus first turn 

 coppery-green, then pale yellowy and ultimately become so hard and 

 compact that they cannot be opened without breaking away the crisp 

 leaves. Such leaves, if used to feed silkworms {Bombyx mori), cause 

 fiacherie and grasserie among them. During the \vinter the mature 

 females of P. hirsutus descend the stems and hide in leaf-scars, under 

 crevices in the stem, etc. At Pusa, this mealy-bug has been found on 

 Morus spp. and cotton and on Ficiis religiosa in pots. Pseudococcus 

 virgatus, Ckll., often accompanies it, but does not cause malformation 

 of the leaves. The life-history and habits of P. hirsutus are described. 

 In addition to the parasites and predators recorded for this species in a 

 previous paper [R.A.E., A, ix, 74] the caterpillars of the butterfly 

 Spalgiiis epiits sometimes destroy whole colonies of this mealy-bug. 



Ramakrishxa Ayyar (T. V.). A Note on our Present Knowledge of 

 Indian Thysanoptera and their Economic Importance. — Rept. 

 Proc. 3rd Entom. Meeting, Pusa, February 1919, Calcutta, ii, 1920, 

 pp. 618-622. 



The species of thrips recorded in India up to the present time are 

 enumerated. The most injurious of these are Thrips oryzae on young 

 paddy ; two species of Thrips (Physothrips) on tea, as well as 

 Panchaetothrips indicus, Bagn. (turmeric thrips) ; Heliothrips indicus, 

 on onions ; and Rhipiphorothrips cruentatum (grape-vine thrips), 

 which greatly injures the tender foHage of grapes. 



A species causing curhng of young pepper leaves is probably 

 Gynaikothrips karnyi, Bagn., known as a pest of pepper in Ceylon. 

 There is very little literature on the Indian species of thrips, and the 

 subject is well worth further study. 



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