129 



milling they are frequently overlooked. The processes of superheating 

 and fumigation against these insects are described. Freezing is 

 another method much practised in the Prairie Provinces, where 

 extremely low temperatures can be relied upon at almost any time 

 in the winter. While adults of both pests all perish at 25° below 

 zero, it is not known whether all the stages are destroyed to the same 

 degree. Freezing, moreover, is recognised to be deleterious to the mill. 

 Since 90 per cent, of the infestation probably occurs owing to the 

 use of second-hand bags, the remedies suggested are to avoid the use of 

 these wherever practicable, and when they must be used, to sterilise 

 them by heat before they are allowed to enter the warehouse. It is 

 suggested that they should be accumulated in a small, detached building 

 that could be superheated once every two weeks. If possible, the 

 warehouse should be superheated as well as the mill. 



Hudson (H. F.). Some Notes on the Life-history of our Common 

 June Beetles. — -JOth Ann. Rept. Ent. Soc Ontario. 1919, Toronto, 

 1920, pp. 81-83. [Received 8th January 1921.] 



White grubs, occurring on the sand and sandy loam soils of Western 

 Ontario, are most injurious and difficult pests to deal with. In 

 Middlesex County, where the present investigations were conducted, 

 the species found were Lachnosterna fusca, L. riigosa, L. dithia, 

 L. gihbosa, L. marginalis, L. ilicis and L. inversa. Of these, L. dubia, 

 L. rugosa and L. gihbosa have been reared from the egg. The beetles 

 appear early in May, and oviposition occurs two or three weeks after 

 pairing. The life-history of these beetles occupies at least three years, 

 and sometimes four. The grubs feed ravenously during the second 

 and third j^ears of their growth, and in the third year pupate in late 

 July or early August, producing the adult in September, which remains 

 in the earthen cell below ground until the warm weather of the next 

 year. L. gibbosa is the earliest to appear in numbers, and may continue 

 until mid- July. Males are apparently nearly twice as numerous as 

 females. L. rugosa appears about a week later than L. gibbosa, 

 and feeds freely on the foliage of most trees ; males are considerably 

 more numerous than females. L. fusca appears about the same time 

 as L. gibbosa, but reaches its maximum number somewhat later ; 

 females predominate in this species. L. dubia is one of the earliest 

 to appear, but seems to have a shorter season than the others ; females 

 occurred in more than double the number of males. 



Information regarding natural control in Canada is scant}'. Crows, 

 blackbirds, poultry and skunks all devour the grubs. The Tachinid, 

 Microphthalma disjiincta, has been reared from them, and another 

 insect enemy is probably Pelecinus polyturator. Cocoons of Tipkia 

 inornata have also been collected in badly infested fields. The indi- 

 cations are that to avoid injury by the grubs, arable land should not be 

 in pasture more than two years, and a delinite system of short-crop 

 rotation should be followed, with frequent growing of clover and clean 

 farming. 



Hudson (H. F.). Report of the Insects of the Year : Division No. 6. — 



50th Ann. Rcpt. Ent. Soc. Ontario, 1919, Toronto, 1920, pp. 

 83-84. [Received 8th January 1921.] 



The more important insects of 1919 in Ontario include Hypcra 

 {Phytonomus) punctata (clover leaf weevil), which heavily infested 

 (1912) I, 



