165 



Chamberlin (W. J.). Flat-headed Borers which attack Orchard 



Trees and Cane Fruits in Oregon.— 3>d Crop Pest & Hortic. 



Kept., 1915-1920, Oregon Agric. Expt. Sta.. Corvallis, 10th 

 January 1921, pp. 103-108, 1 fig. 



Of the 350 odd species of Buprestids— known as fiat-headed borers 

 —that occur in the United States/ over 50 are found in Oregon. The 

 species here dealt with include Chrysobothris femorata, F. (flat-headed 

 apple-tree borer), C. mali (Pacific flat-headed apple-tree borer) [R.A.E., 

 A. vh, 475] and Dicerca pectorosa (flat-headed prune-tree borer). The 

 last-named is usually found in trees already infested with root-borers. 

 Peach and prune trees are attacked, the native food-plant probably 

 benig wild plum. A similar species, D. horni, also occurs in Oregon, 

 and has many native food-plants. 



Prevention of attack by these borers is much simpler than remedies, 

 and IS largely attained by thorough cultivation, fertilisation, pruning 

 and spraying. Injured or broken trees should always be carefully 

 repaired and the exposed parts painted over. Wounds made in 

 extracting borers from trees should be similarly treated. Any device 

 that shades the trunk acts as a preventive to oviposition. Trap posts 

 placed in the orchard and coated with a sticky substance catch some 

 of the females when on the wing and seeking places for oviposition. 

 Mechanical protectors in the form of burlap or heavy paper, wrapped 

 securely around the trunks from the ground to the lowest branches, 

 might be apphed when blossoming starts, and removed late in summer' 

 Repellents such as soft soap with caustic potash or washing soda 

 solution may be applied with a brush when the borers begin emerging 

 in the spring. Crude carbolic at the rate of one pint to 10 gals, 

 of wash may be added. 



Fulton (B. B.). Grasshopper Control in Ovegon.Srd Crop Pest 

 ^ & Hortic. Kept., 1915-20. Oregon Agric. Expt. Sta., Corvallis, 

 10th January 1921, pp. 109-115, 1 plate, 2 figs. 



Grasshopper outbreaks of importance in Oregon are confined to 

 the great plains of the eastern and southern parts of the State, 

 and are due to Camniila pellucida. Lesser outbreaks, generally 

 of the non-migratory species such as Melanoplns femur-rubrum and 

 M. atlantis, occasionally occur in Western Oregon. C. pellucida 

 breeds chiefly in restricted areas, generally in waste land, and Melano- 

 plus spp. in or adjacent to cultivated fields. A summary is given 

 of the grasshopper outbreaks that have occurred in the State within 

 recent years. A species of Bombyliid is a common insect enemy 

 of the eggs of C. pellucida. Where possible, the egg-beds should be 

 ploughed over or cultivated with a disc or spring-tooth harrow, but 

 this, as a rule, is only profitable where the ground can be sown for a 

 crop^ When this is not practicable, the young hoppers can be poisoned 

 m the spring before they have had time to spread. 

 _ Accounts of various locust campaigns are given ; in one count\' 

 it IS estimated that an expenditure of some £1,200 saved about ;^100,00b 

 in the value of the crop. The essentials in grasshopper poisoning 

 are active organization of the whole district under efficient leadership, 

 perfected early enough for surveys of the egg-beds prior to actual 

 work, estimates for the necessary materials, allowing at least 2 lb. 

 of arsenic per acre on the egg-beds, with other materials in proportion. 



