166 



and the following of proper methods of mixing and spreading the bait. 

 These are described, and the standard formulae recommended by the 

 United States Bureau of Entomology are given. 



Fulton (B. B.). The Alfalfa Weevil.— orr^ Crop Pest & Hortic. 

 Kept., 1915-1920. Orci^on Agric. Expt. Sta., Corvallis, 10th 

 January 1921, pp. 116-118, 2''ligs. 



The alfalfa weevil [Hyper a variabilis] first appeared in Oregon about 

 1919. An account of its life-history and habits and the remedial 

 measures against it are described [R. A.E.,k, vi, 339 ; viii, 128, etc.]. 

 The spray recommended is 2 lb. powdered lead arsenate to 100 U.S. 

 gals, water with a little soap, used at the rate of 100 gals, or less per 

 acre. This should be applied one or two weeks before the first crop 

 is ready to be cut, or when the young larvae have become sufficiently 

 numerous to destroy the growing tips. Experiments are being 

 conducted in Idaho to determine the relative values of dusting and 

 spraying as a remedy against this weevil. 



LovETT (A. L.j. The Loganberry Crown-borer [Bemhecia marginata, 

 Harris.). — 3rd Crop Pest & Hortic. Kept., 1915-20, Oregon 

 Agric. Expt. Sta., Corvallis, 10th January 1921, pp. 119-120. 



Pennisetia [Bemhecia) marginata, Harr. (loganberry crown-borer) 

 is one of the most commonh- injurious insect pests of cane fruits in 

 Oregon. Two seasons are passed boring in the crown of the plant. 

 The moths are observed from August until early autumn, and deposit 

 their eggs singly on the lower surface of the leaf margins. These 

 hatch in from 40 to 60 days, that is, in late September or October. 

 The young larvae crawl down the canes to the crown of the plant 

 and tunnel under the bark below the ground surface, forming a cell 

 that appears as a sligljtly raised blister on the crown. In the spring 

 they tunnel upwards, reaching in early summer the base of one of the 

 new season's canes, and tunnel the pith of the new cane for 10 or 12 

 inches. At midsummer they work their way outwards and girdle 

 the cane beneath the bark, causing it to die. At a point below this 

 girdle they generally tunnel out an opening to the exterior of the cane. 

 In late autumn the borers return to the crown or the root to pass 

 the second winter. In the succeeding spring they are mature, and 

 again ascend a dead stub or cane, where they pupate, the moths 

 emerging in August or later. 



Sprays against the larvae are useless, as they are inside the plant, 

 and no insecticide has as yet been found that is successful against 

 the eggs, but as the larva twice appears above ground, the following 

 method has been tried and has proved very successful. In early 

 summer, when the canes are being trained up and old ones cut out, 

 any girdled or wilted canes should be firmly grasped, twisted and 

 pulled. The cane will sever at the girdle, often revealing a borer 

 at the spot. A short, thick wire might be inserted into the severed 

 stub to kill any borers there. In very severe infestations the canes 

 should be visited again in late June, and all dead canes and stubs close 

 to the ground should be broken off. The mature larvae that have 

 come up for pupation will thus be destroyed. 



