168 



water should be applied in spring, each week for three weeks. Anarsia 

 lineatclla injures prune and peach trees, the lar\-ae tunnelling down 

 the terminal twigs and killing them, and burrowing into the young 

 fruit, causing it to drop. Commercial lime-sulphur (1 : 8) should be used 

 just as the buds are swelling, and if properly applied, is invariably 

 successful. Bud weevils were the cause of injurj- on filbert, pear, 

 prune and other fruit trees, the buds being eaten out as they developed. 

 Mechanical protectors should be tied about the trunks of the trees 

 to prevent the ascent of the wee^'ils, most of which cannot fly, and of 

 climbing cutworms, which are sometimes responsible for similar injur}-. 

 MonopJiadnits [Monophadnoides) riibi (raspberry sawflj-) caused much 

 defoliation of loganberries and raspberries. The adults appear at 

 blossoming time and oviposit within the tissue of the leaf. Sprays of 

 1 lb. lead arsenate to 25 U.S. gals, of water, applied just after blossoming 

 to the lower surface of the leaf, are an effective remedy. The Ceram- 

 bycids, Xylocrius cribratus and X. agassizi (black gooseberry borers), 

 have seriously injured commercial gooseberry plantations in one county 

 and are also gooseberry pests in California. The beetles appear in late 

 summer, and oviposit on gooseberry stems. The larvae tunnel down the 

 stems to the roots, mature and transform into adults in the following 

 summer. Evidently the life-history varies, as adult beetles have been 

 found in the root tunnels in April. The only method of control at present 

 known is to cut out and burn infested bushes. Great care should be 

 taken to plant only clean stock. Crioceris asparagi (asparagus beetle) 

 has been the cause of considerable loss to asparagus growers. Beans 

 show injury that is apparently due to Epilachna corriipta, Muls. (bean 

 ladybird). Lygiis gibbosits (carrot beetle) tunnels into the surface 

 soil about the roots of sunflowers, cutting off and devouring the roots 

 and thus killing the plants. As the beetles breed in humus and 

 decaying matter, compost and manure piles and similar breeding- 

 places should be destroyed wherever possible. The Meloids or blister- 

 beetles, Epicauta pardalis, Lee, and E. pundicollis. Mann., damage 

 maize and potatoes, and Cantharis cyanipennis. Say, does serious 

 injury to lucerne. Poison spraj^s will kill these beetles, but are seldom 

 practicable under field conditions. Windrows of straw should be 

 piled along the windward side of infested fields, and these should be 

 set on fire after dusk, the beetles being driven with the wind into the 

 fire by persons walking backwards and forwards across the field, 

 sweeping the tops of the plants. 



McKay (:\I. B.). A Serious Nematode Disease of Strawberry and 

 Clover in Oregon. — 3rd Crop Pest & Hortic. Rept., 1915-20. 

 Oregon A^yjc. Expt. Sta., Corvallis, 10th January 1921, pp. 

 139-144, 2 plates. 



A serious disease of stra\^berry and clover in Oregon is caused by the 

 Nematode Tylenchus dipsaci, Kiihn. The females produce man}' 

 eggs, and the larvae reach maturity in about four weeks, so that 

 increase is rapid, and several generations occur in a season. The larvae 

 work chiefly in the stems and leaves of the plants, producing galls 

 in strawberry, and in clover causing the stems to become swollen and 

 stunted. In hyacinths the disease is known as ring disease. A 

 list of the known food-plants, both in the United States and elsewhere, 

 is given. 



