181 



best time for spraying is as soon "as possible after the bugs hatch 

 or when about three-quarters of the petals have fallen, and the most 

 effective spray is 1 pint of Blackleaf 40 to 100 gals, of spray material, 

 which IS generally dilute lime-sulphur solution and lead arsenate. 

 Many tests were made with dust materials against this pest ; the 

 most effective being a 40 per cent, tobacco, 10 per cent, lead arsenate 

 and 50 per cent, sulphur mixture. When the poison is applied with a 

 hand duster, the redbugs fall from the trees, but apparently are not 

 killed, though many die through failure to return ; applied with a 

 power duster, the material seemed to kill the bugs, though a few 

 were left alive on the trees. The larger bugs seem to'be more resistant 

 to the effect of tobacco dust than the younger ones. 



Parrott (P. J.). The Apple Maggot.— Pi-cc. 1st Ann. Meeting N Y. 

 Horhc. Soc, 1919, pp. 222-224, 3 figs. [Received 10th February 

 1921.] 



An account is given of the injury to apples in the Hudson River 

 valley by the apple maggot [Rhagoletis pomonella], which is par- 

 ticularly injurious in neglected orchards. Remedial measures that 

 have been previously noticed are recommended [R. A.E., A, vii, 212], 

 but more information is needed as to the value of these in the locali'ty 

 under consideration. 



Parrott (P. J.). Higher Reaches in Insect Control.- Proc. 2nd Ann 



Meeting N. Y. Hortic. Soc, 1920, pp. 26-35, 3 figs. FReceived 

 10th February 1921.] 



The benefits of dela3'ed dormant treatment are discussed and 

 many hints are given on safe and efficient methods in spraying. Among 

 new insecticides, chief attention is directed to the merits of calciurn 

 arsenate and the dry substitutes for lime-sulphur solution. Growers 

 are warned not to use the former without having thoroughly tested 

 Its safety for orchard use ; it is considered that for the present it 

 should be regarded as a substitute for Paris green, and for sprajdng 

 potatoes, cabbage and other field crops it will probably be of great 

 value. The insecticidal properties of lime as used against leaf- 

 hoppers on apple trees, have proved particularly effective against the 

 pear psylla [Psylla pyricola], lime-sulphur (1 : 8) being used as the 

 cluster buds are separating at the tips, with nicotine sulphate as the 

 petals fall. For midsummer spraying against the nymphs, lime and 

 copper sulphate without tobacco extract are recommended. China and 

 slip clays, when applied as a thick coating on pear leaves, are nearly, 

 if not quite, as efficient as thick lime wash. Unfortunatel}-, clays 

 are not at present manufactured in a convenient form for the grower. 

 Plum curculio [Conotrachelus ;z^;»/^/wr] has done considerable damage 

 to apples, the punctures made when the apples are forming causing 

 many of them to drop. The attacks by this weevil seem to appear 

 m cycles, the injury always being most severe in neglected orchards. 

 Spraying and cultural practices are the remedies advocated. For 

 leaf-hoppers experiments indicate that Bordeaux mixture containing 

 lead arsenate is the best protection, if both sides of the leaves are 

 thoroughly covered; this requires more nozzles, or a better 

 arrangement of nozzles than is found in the usual potato spray. 



