238 



Various leaf-rollers attack raspberries more ])articiilarly, the com- 

 monest being Tortrix {Archips) rosacea na, Harr. (oblique-banded 

 leaf-roller), which passes the winter in the egg-stage on the cane. 

 In spring the larvae hatch from the egg-masses and feed on the foliage, 

 later rolling the leaves to form shelters in which they pupate, and 

 from which the moths emerge. Lead arsenate, 1-| lb. paste or f lb. 

 powder to 25 U.S. gals, water, should be sprayed on the bushes \\'hen 

 the larvae are first noticed, and again a week later if necessarj'. If 

 only a few bushes are attacked, hand-picking should be practised. 



Monophadnus rubi, Harr. (raspberry sawfly) in the larval stage 

 attacks the foliage of raspberries, and to a less extent of black- 

 berries and dewberries, sometimes causing complete defoliation. 

 These sawflies usually appear early in June and oviposit in the 

 leaf tissues, on which the larvae feed. These are full-grown in 

 South Dakota by mid-July, and descend into the ground to a depth 

 of several inches, where they pupate in the following spring and 

 emerge as adults in June. A spray of 1 oz. hellebore to 1 U.S. gal. of 

 water is recommended against the larvae ; | lb. lead arsenate or 

 1 lb. paste to 50 U.S. gals, of water is a successful remed}^ but cannot 

 be used when the fruit is ripening. 



Tetranychus tclarius, L. (red spicier) punctures the leaf-tissues of 

 all three species of cane, causing the leaves to become mottled and 

 die. The usual sprays for this pest are recommended. 



Occanthus nigricornis, Wlk. (tree-cricket) is the most injurious pest 

 of raspberries, and also injures blackberries and dewberries by the 

 oviposition punctures of the females, which often girdle the canes 

 until they split open or die. The winter is passed in the egg-stage, 

 nymphs hatching in June. All canes bearing eggs should be cut out 

 and burnt, either late in the year, after the first heavy frost, or in 

 early spring before the eggs hatch. All weeds that might serve as 

 sites for oviposition in the ^'icinit3^ should he raked up and burnt 

 before winter. 



Haseman (L.). Insect Pests o! Field Crops. — Missouri As^ric. Ex pi. 

 Sta., Columbia, Bull. 170, April 1920, 39 pp., 36 figs. '" [Received 

 18th March 1921.] 



A brief description is given of numerous insects and the injury 

 they cause, with suggestions for their control. 



The species recorded as attacking maize are : — Aphis maidiradicis, 

 Forbes (corn-root aphis) ; Diabrotica longicornis, Say ; D. duodecim- 

 pimctata, 01. ; Lachnosterna spp. ; Crambits sp. ; Sphenophorus 

 aeqiialis, Gyl. ; S. parvulus, Gyl. ; Blissiis leucoptcrits, Say (chinch bug) ; 

 and Hcliothis obsolcta, F. (corn-ear worm), Cirphis {Lciicania) u)ii- 

 piincta, Haw. (army worm), and other Noctuids. Pests of wheat are : — 

 Mavctiola (Cecidomyia) destructor, Say (Hessian fly) ; Harmolita 

 : Isosoma) triiici, Fitch (wheat joint- worm) ; Macrosiplutui granarium, 

 Buckt. ; Toxoptcra graminum, Rond. ; Contarinia [Diplosis) tritici, 

 Kby. (wheat midge) ; Laphygma frugiperda , S. tS: A. ifall army worm) ; 

 and Meliana albilinea, Hb. (wheat-head army worm). Forage crops 

 are attacked by Hypcra (Phytononius) punctata, F. (clover-leaf weevil), 

 Loxostege similalis, Gn. (webworm) and Hypsopygia costalis, F. (clover 

 hay worm) ; while the chief pests of grasses are Jassids, Noctuids, 

 the grasshoppers, Melanoplus femur-rubruin and .1/. diffcrcntialis, and 

 Cirp/iis unipwicta. Cotton is attacked by Alabama argillacca 



