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The following medicinal plants and their pests are dealt with : — 

 Aconitiim. — A leaf-beetle, Galenica laticollis, Sahib., a flea-beetle, 

 Crepidodeya cyanescens, Duft., and the caterpillars of Arctia caja, L., 

 Amphipyra tragopoginis, L., Phytometra {Plusia) variabilis, Pill., 

 P. moneta, F., and Olethreiites charpentierana, Hb., attack the leaves, 

 which are also infested by Aphis napelli, Schr., and the larvae of 

 Phytomyza nigricornis, Mg. 



Coniiim maciilatmn (hemlock). — The larva of Lixus iridis, 01., 

 infests the stem. The caterpillars of Phytometra {Plusia) gamma, L., 

 Calocampa exoleta, L., Larcntia quadrifasciaria, CI., L. montanata, 

 Schiff., and of three species of Depressaria also attack this plant, 

 another enemy of which is Aphis rumicis, L. [eiionymi, F.). 



Valeriana. — This plant is comparatively disliked by insects. Its 

 leaves are eaten by the caterpillars of Mcliiaea dictyma, S., Caradrina 

 clavipalpis, Scop, {quadripiinctata, F.), Tephroclystia valerianata, Hb., 

 and Depressaria pulcherrimella, Stn. A gall mite, Eriophyes macro- 

 tuherculatus, Nal., and a gall midge, Contarinia Valerianae, Riibs., 

 injure the blossoms. 



Atropa. — Two flea-beetles, Epitrix atropae, Foudr., and Psvlliodes 

 affinis, L., the caterpillar of Agrotis baja, F., and a weevil, Sitones 

 sulcifrons, Thb., infest this plant. 



Hyoscyamus. — Besides the two flea-beetles mentioned in connection 

 with Atropa, Epitrix pubescens, Koch, and Psylliodes hyoscyami, L., 

 infest Hyoscyamus. The seed-capsules are destroyed by the cater- 

 pillars of Arctia caja and Heliothis peltigera, Schiff., which latter is 

 also a pest of Senecio, Ulex and Salvia. The leaves are mined by the 

 maggots of Pegomyia hyoscyami, Pz. 



Digitalis. — The stems are infested by the caterpillar of Gortxna 

 flavago, Schiff. {ochracea, Hb.). The caterpillar of Tephroclystia 

 linariata, F., infests the blossoms and capsules of Digitalis ambigtia, 

 and Olethreiites lapideana, H.S., the roots. 



Althaea. — A spinning-mite, Epitetranychus althaeae, v. H., is found 

 on the leaves; the larva of Apian radiolus, Kby., lives in the stems, 

 that of A. aeneum, F., occurs in the roots, and that of A. curvirosirc, 

 Gyll., destroys the seeds. The caterpillar of Gelechia malvella, Hb., 

 is another seed pest. Three flea-beetles of the genus Podagrica, 

 and the caterpillars of Carcharodus alccae, Esp., and of another 

 Tepidopteron, feed on the leaves. 



Papaver. — The grub of Stenocarus fuliginosus, Mrsh., lives in the 

 roots of poppies, and that of Ceuthorrhynchiis maada-alba, Hbst., 

 feeds on the seeds in the capsules, in which the larvae of the Cynipids, 

 Aulax papaveris, Perris, and A. minor. Hart., and of a gall midge, 

 Perrisia papaveris, Winn., also live. The leaves are infested bv the 

 caterpillars of Barathra {Mamestra) brassicae, L., and Cncphasia 

 laahlbomiana, L., and both leaves and stems are attacked by Aphis 

 riunicis, L. 



Mentha. — The leaves are attacked by the flea-beetles, LoKgiiarsiis 

 waterhousei, Kutsch., and L. lycopi, Foudr., as well as by Chryscmcla 

 coeriilans, Scriba, and C. coerulans var. menthastri, Suffr. The grubs 

 of two other beetles, Cassida viridis, L., and C. murraea, L., and a 

 number of caterpillars also infest Mentha. Another beetle, Apion 

 vicinum, Kby., is found in the stalk, and the closed blossoms harbour 

 the larvae of a gall midge, Asphondylia menthae, Pierre. Two other 

 gaU midges produce galls on the shoots and leaves. 



