291 



the best remedy in nurseries and orchards, but dusting with fresh 

 hellebore, air-slaked lime or fine road dust will suffocate many of the 

 larvae. 



The sawfiy, Janus integer, Xort. (currant stem-girdler), punctures the 

 tender shoots of currant and oviposits in the pith, girdUng the shoot 

 above the egg by transverse cuts made with the ovipositor, so that 

 the tips break off or wither. The eggs hatch in about 11 days, and 

 the larva feeds on the pith, excavating a tunnel some inches long. 

 About the beginning of September the mature larva gnaws its way 

 to the bark, where it hibernates, pupating in the following spring and 

 •emerging as an adult late in IMay. The terminal shoots containing 

 the insect should be gathered and burnt in the autumn or early spring, 

 or the girdled canes should be cut back one or two inches in June so 

 that the tips drop to the ground and dry and the newly-hatched 

 larvae in them are destroyed. These measures should be practised 

 thoroughly for a few seasons. 



Papilio polyxenes, F. (celery caterpillar, or fennel worm) feeds upon 

 leaves of celery, carrot, parsnip, parsley, fennel and almost any 

 UmbelHferous plants. Eggs are laid on the leaves and hatch in about 

 10 days. The larvae feed for three or four weeks on the leaves and then 

 pupate suspended from a leaf or other support. After from 9 to 16 

 days the adults emerge in May and June. There are two generations 

 in the northern States, and at least three in the south. Hand-picking 

 is the best method of control in small gardens. On larger areas 

 spraying or dusting with lead arsenate is effective. 



Polychrosis viteana, Clem, (grape-berry moth), is the most serious 

 pest of grapes, webbing the blossom buds and rolling the leaves and 

 later webbing together the berries in a cluster. The sprays recom- 

 mended are those suggested for Ohio [R. A.E., A, iv, 386]", the first 

 application being made just after blossoming, wdien the berries are 

 about I in. in diameter, the second about seven weeks later, or just 

 before the eggs for the second generation are laid, and the third ten 

 days after the cocoons begin to appear on the leaves. 



Miscellaneous insects of the year include the bud moth, Eiicosma 

 (Tmetocera) ocellana, Schiff., which injured mature apples, and Eidia 

 pinatithana, Kearf. (pine tube moth), for which the trees may be sprayed 

 with lead arsenate. Aegeriid borers were troublesome in some 

 localities. Aegeria {Sesia) pyri, Harris, doing considerable damage 

 to apple trees. Apples in orchards that had been experimentally 

 sprayed and dusted, as described above, were found to be gnawed 

 on the surface by E. ocellana, by the lesser apple worm, Enarmonia 

 pninivora, Walsh, and, more particularly, by the red-banded leaf- 

 roller, Eulia velutinana, Wlk. A further late treatment was given to 

 prevent this injury. The juniper scale, Diaspis cariteli, Targ., was 

 found infesting both red cedar [Jiiniperus virginiana) and a cultivated 

 juniper (/. pfitzeriana) ; if choice ornamental varieties become 

 attacked, several applications should be made between 1st June and 

 1st September of either kerosene emulsion or nicotine solution and soap 

 in the form of a spray. The elm leaf-miner, Kaliofemisa iilmi, Sund., 

 was found infesting elms in one locahty ; this is the first record of this 

 pest in Connecticut. The European hornet, Vespa crahro, L., has 

 been reported as killing and injuring dahlia plants by eating off the 

 bark. The leaf-roller, Harpipteryx xylostella, L., another European 

 insect, a description of which is given, was reported as feeding on 

 Tartarian honevsuckle. 



