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spreading into the surrounding country. The most effective spray 

 against it is paraffin oil and fish oil soap ; but good results have also 

 been obtained with linseed oil and fish oil soap, Panama Canal larvicide 

 (crude phenol and rosin soap), and kerosene emulsion. The Coccinellids 

 Pentilia castanea, Muls., and Scymnus horni, Gorh., as well as an 

 undetermined lacewing, Chrysopa sp., sometimes greatly reduce the 

 numbers of this pest. A larvicide spray followed in a day or two by 

 clean water under pressure will clean the tree from this pest, and also 

 from sooty mould. 



Other insects recorded are Coccus viridis, Green (soft green scale), 

 on coffee ; Trigona riificrus corvina (red-eyed grasshopper) ; Solenopsis 

 geminata, F., causing severe damage by girdling the trees ; Lepi- 

 dosaphes heckii, Newm. (mussel scale) ; Selenaspidiis articulattts (West 

 Indian red scale) attacking a variety of plants, including Citrus ; 

 Chionaspis citri, Comst. (snow scale) ; Chrysomphalus aonidum, L. 

 (red-spotted scale), on Citrus and roses ; Pliilaplicdra broadK'ayi 

 {theohrouiac) , on mango and cacao; Vinsonia stellifera and Coccus 

 mangiferae on mango ; a new species of Heilipus, Ischnaspis 

 loiigirostris, Pulvinaria pyriforniis, Targionia biformis, Saissetia 

 hemisphacrica and Ceroplastes sp. on avocado ; Toxotrypana ciirvi- 

 Cauda, Gerst., and Aidacaspis (Diaspis) pentagona, on papaj'a ; 

 Metamasius sericeus (West Indian sugar-cane borer) in banana 

 stumps ; Brassolis isthmia, Bates, on leaves of banana plants ; 

 Pinnaspis buxi, Aspidiotus palmae, Diaspis boisduvali, Inglisia 

 vitrea, Chrysomphalus dictyospermi, C. aonidum, Vinsonia stellifera, 

 and Ischnaspis longirostris, on coconut palms. 



The pests of field, forage, vegetable and truck crops are Laphygma 

 frugiperda, S. & A. (fall army-worm), cutworms, Blissus leucopterus, 

 flea-beetles, termites, and Aspidiotus {Targionia) hartii, Ckll. The 

 latter scale was abundant on 3'ams. 



Ornamental plants are attacked by Heniichionaspis minor, C. 

 aonidum, especially severe on roses, Selenaspidus articulatus, Saissetia 

 nigra, S. hemisphacrica, S. oleae, Howardia biclavis, Orthezia praelonga, 

 Icerya montserratensis, R. & H., an ant, Atta sexdens, L., and the 

 Noctuid moth, Xanthopastis timais f . molinoi, Dyar, the larvae of which 

 were very destructive to lilies. 



Nasutotevjnes cornigera, Hag., causes serious damage to woodwork. 

 Monomorium pharaonis, L., is especially troublesome as infesting 

 provisions. 



The pests of stored products are Triboliuin castaneum [ferrugincuui), 

 Tenebrio sp., Silvaims surinamensis, Lepisnia sp., an Anobiid, Calandra 

 oryzae, and the cadelle beetle [Tenebroides mauritaniciis~\ in oats ; 

 and Catorama herbarium, Gorh., causing damage to corn brooms. 



Xyleborus grenadcnsis, Hopk., was abundant in sawed Sanday wood 

 logs. 



Kai.mbach (E. R.) & Gabrielson (I. N.). Economic Value of the 

 Starling in the United States.— U.S. Dept. Agric, Washington, 

 D.C., Bull. 868, 10th January 1921, 67 pp., 3 figs., 4 plates. 

 [Received 16th April 1921.] 



The starling, Sturnus vulgaris, has few equals among the bird 

 population of the north-eastern United States as an effective destroyer 

 cf terrestrial insects, which compose 41-55 per cent, of its food, the 

 monthly percentages varying from 23-81 in February to 57-8 in 



