341 



Penny (D. D.). A SMn-feeding Tortricid {Cacoecia franciscana, 

 Walsingham) injurious to Apples in the Pajaro Valley.— M^A/v. 

 Bull. Cal. Dept. Agric, Sacramento, x, no. 4, April 1921, pp. 

 146-150, 3 figs. 



The Tortricid, Tortnx {Cacoecia) franciscana, Wlsm., has been 

 noticed for several years past to cause damage to apples at picking 

 time and while in storage during the winter. The stages of this moth 

 are described. The most evident injmy consists of a peeling of the 

 skin of the apple by the larvae. These often web themselves into 

 protected places, such as folded leaves or leaves webbed to twigs 

 or fruit. The stem and blossom ends of the fruit are particularly 

 affected, while apples in boxes are frequently injured at the point of 

 contact of two or more apples. The life-history is not fully known, 

 but there is an irregular appearance of larvae in late summer and 

 autumn, and these live through the winter as full-grown or partly 

 grown larvae, in any sheltered hiding-place on the tree. They con- 

 tinue to feed to some' extent on the very small twigs and buds, pupating 

 and appearing as adults in the following spring. There is a fairly 

 even appearance of larvae in the spring, against which remedial 

 measures should be directed. Some new treatment must be devised, 

 as T. franciscana escapes all the ordinary sprays at present in use in 

 the locaHty. Other Lepidopterous pests frequently associated with 

 T. franciscana, and often confused with it owing to their similarity 

 in ap])earance and habits, are Pandemis pyrausana, Kearf., and 

 Peronea sp. 



Mackie (D. B). a Report of some Observations on the Work of the 

 Arizona Authorities in Connection with the Thurberia Weevil.— 



Mthly. Ball. Cal. Dept. Agric, Sacramento, x, no. 4, April 1921, 

 pp. 150-158, 1 map. 



In view of the reported appearance of Anthonomus grandis var. 

 thurberiae (Thurberia weevil) in fields of cultivated cotton in the Tucson 

 district of Arizona, a survey has been made in the interests of 

 California to observe what is being done in Arizona to prevent further 

 dissemination of the weevil. Much detail is given concerning the 

 topographical, meteorological, geological and botanic conditions of the 

 region, all of which have their bearing upon the natural dispersion of 

 the weevil and of its food-plant, the so-called wild cotton {Thurberia 

 thespesioides) . This plant blooms during the humid period of mid- 

 summer rains, and with the ripening and bursting of the bolls the 

 seeds are picked up and carried onwards with the floods caused by 

 heavy rain. The floods eventually join one of the seasonal streams 

 that flow into such main arteries as the Santa Cruz River and the 

 tributary of the Rillito Creek that flows down the Sabino Canyon 

 into the heart of the Santa Catalina Mountains. There are numerous 

 subsidiary canyons on both sides, in many of which T. thespesioides 

 grows, sometimes in the land covered by the wash of the swollen 

 streams. The relative location of the cotton fields of the district to 

 the habitat of this plant is shown in a map. Much of the territory, 

 although good land, had not been planted with cotton before the 

 stimulus to planting consequent upon the abnormal season of 1920 and 

 the high price of cotton early in the season, and some of these new 

 cotton areas are within about three miles of the permanent habitat 

 of T. thespesioides. In 1919 a survey was made of the prevalence of 



