364 



hrumata and Tortrix sp. ; against the Lepidopterous larvae tobacco 

 extract was used with effect, as were sprays of strong slaked lime 

 against Incurvaria capitella. Aphis grossulariae, Eriosoma (Schizoneura) 

 ■ulmi, Lecanium sp., Calocoris spp., Lygus spp., Bryobia ribis and 

 Eriophyes ribis were also recorded on currants. 



From strawberries Anthonomiis rubi, Hypera [Phytonomus) sp., 

 Blennocatnpa geniciilata (against which sprays of tobacco extract 

 containing 1 per cent, nicotine were successful), Apamea testacea, 

 thrips, Aphrophora spiimaria, and, especially, Tarsonemiis fragariae 

 were recorded. 



On onions and leeks rather heavy infestations by Leptohylemyia 

 antiqna and Acrolepia assectella occurred. 



Phytomyza affinis caused serious damage to the foliage of cultivated 

 Chrysanthemum ; Forficula anricularia attacked dahlias ; the mite, 

 Rhizoglyphus echinopus, narcissus bulbs ; the Aphid, Siphocoryne 

 ligustri, privet ; Chermes piccae, silver firs ; Hyponomenta padellus, 

 hawthorn ; and Eriophyes avellanac, hazel. 



Agriotes lineatiis, Melolontha melolontha [vulgaris], Phyllopertha 

 horticola, Tipula oleracea, Euxoa ( Agrotis) segetum and other cutworms, 

 and Blaniulus giittulatus did much damage to various plants. 



Ohlers (H.). Om Udnyddelse aJ Myrer. [On the Destruction of 

 Ants.] — Haven, Copenhagen, xx, 1920, pp. 65-68. 



The best method of destroying ants in houses has proved to be 

 fumigation with hydrocyanic acid for four or five hours ; boiling 

 water poured into the nest, and cups containing a solution of sugar 

 mixed with arsenic placed in the runs of the ants were also effective. 



Loos (K.). Massnahmen zur Bekampfung der Nonne. [Measures 

 against the Nun Moth.] — Vereinsschr. Forst-, Jagd- u. Naturk., 

 Prague, 1920-21, nos. 4-6, 7-9, pp. 85-93, 154-158. 



With reference to the recent migration into Czecho-Slovakia of huge 

 swarms of nun moths [Liparis monachal, one instance of which has 

 been noticed [R.A.E., A, ix, 226], it is supposed that the migration 

 itself and the appearance of the moths at a somewhat earlier date 

 than usual are due to complete defoliation and consequent absence of 

 food in the region of origin. Lack of food entailed a compulsory early 

 pupation, and the moths, after emerging prematurely, were compelled 

 to migrate in search of suitable breeding places. 



The progeny of the migrant moths do not appear capable of develop- 

 ment to the same extent as do native specimens. Furthermore, the 

 oviposition of the immigrant moths was about a fortnight in advance, 

 and many of the eggs must hatch in autumn, the resulting caterpillars 

 being exposed to bad weather later on. Other eggs must hatch very 

 early in the following 3^ear, and a spell of bad weather will prove equally 

 destructive to them. 



Lack of knowledge of the biology of the nun moth, however, makes 

 it impossible to predict the consequences in 1921 of the invasion of 

 1920, and various remedial measures are therefore described. Egg 

 destruction is of little use at the beginning of an outbreak, as at that 

 time the eggs are concealed ; but the collection of eggs is highly 

 important as a means of estimating the amount of infestation to be 

 expected. Banding is a useful measure. Crushing or painting with 



