416 



stubble should be disturbed in the autumn by ploughing. If 

 late planting and the disturbance of stubble were practised sys- 

 tematically for one or two years, the pest would be greatly 

 reduced, if not eradicated. Spring ploughing should be done 

 before 15th May, and all stalks and stubble should be burnt before 

 10th May. In addition to these measures rotation of crops and heavy 

 fertilising, so that the ]ilant may outgrow the injury, are advocated. 



Melander (A. L.). First Annual Report of the Division oJ Apiculture. 



—Washington State Coll., Pullman, 1st March 1921, 119 pp., 

 32 figs. 



In discussing the general management of bees, the diseases dealt 

 with include European and American foulbrood and Isle of Wight 

 disease, recommendations being made for their treatment and 

 prevention. The insect enemies of the hive bee include wax- 

 moths [Galleria niellonella], wasps, ants and earwigs.' 



Wilson (H. F.). How to Control American Foulbrood. — Wisconsin 



Agyic. Expt. Sta., Madison, Bull. 333, May 1921, 21 pp., 8 figs. 



The general symptoms of sacbrood, European foulbrood and American 



foulbrood are described, and recommendations are made for controlling 



the latter. 



Metalnikow (S.). L'Immunit6 naturelle et acquise chez la Chenille 



de Galleria mellonella. (Deuxieme Memoire.) — Ann. Inst. 

 Pasteur, Paris, xxxv, no. 6, June 1921, pp. 3(S3 377, 5 figs. 



In a previous paper [R.A.E., A, viii, 163; B, viii, 86] the im- 

 munity of the caterpillar of Galleria mellonella to various micro- 

 organisms was dealt with. 



With a view to studying acquired immunity a number of experiments 

 were made with pneumococci and the causative organism of plague. 

 It was found that G. mellonella exhibits a considerable degree of 

 immunity to plague, though not to the same extent to tuberculosis 

 and diphtheria. Virulent pneumococci rapidly cause death, but 

 after being injected with a small dose of non-virulent pneumococci or 

 pneumococci heated to 58° C. (136° F.) the caterpillar becomes immune 

 in 24 hours. In all these cases of acquired immunity no antibodies 

 were seen in the blood, and it may be said that the essential point 

 is the change in the activity and sensibility of the phagocytes. The 

 cells, adapting themselves to new conditions, change their reactions, 

 negative reactions being replaced by positive' ones. 



Green (E. E.). Observations on British Coccidae, with Descriptions 



of New Species. — Ent. Mthly. Mag., London, Third Ser., no. 79, 

 July 1921, pp. 146-152, 4 figs. 



The species dealt with are : Ortheziola vejdovskyi, Sulc. ; Orthezia 

 urticae, h., on Artemisia mar itima and Teucrium scorodonia ; Eriococcus 

 inermis, Green, on Festuca ovina ; E. glyceriae, sp. n., on Glyceria 

 maritima ; E. piacidus, sp. n., on the upper surface of leaves of grass 

 {IFestucas^.)*, E. pseudinsignis, sp. n., on grass {? Festuca sp.) ; Phena- 

 coccus aceris. Sign., on stems of peach trees under glass ; Pseudococcus 

 gahani. Green, on Ceanothus, sp. ; P. walkeri, Newst., inside grass 

 stems ; P. maritimiis, Ehrh., on Nerinm and Abittilon under glass. 



P. longispinus latipes recorded as a new variety [R. A.E., A, vi, 59] 

 should be referred to P. maritimus. ' ^ 



