444 



second lar\-al stage ; after the second ecdysis they begin to devour 

 indiscriminately all of the internal organs of the host caterpillar, 

 leaving little but the skin. The larvae pupate in the gallery of the host, 

 beside the empty skin of the caterpillar from which they have emerged. 

 Apparently, they emerge from the hibernating caterpillars about a 

 month before the latter begin to pupate, but the duration of the pupal 

 and preoviposition periods of the parasite are so much longer than in 

 the case of the host, that the adult females of the parasite are not ready 

 to oviposit until the young caterpillars of P. niibilalis are present on 

 the maize. The first puparium found under outdoor conditions in 

 1920 was taken on 24th March, on a maize stalk. Z. roseanae, like 

 P. niibilalis, has two generations a year in south-western France. 



Z. roseanae has also been recorded as a parasite of the grape pest„ 

 Phalonia {Conchylis) roseana, Hw., but the authors have not had the 

 opportunity to confirm this. A Chalcid parasite has on one occasion 

 been found in a puparium of Z. roseanae. The importance of the latter 

 as an enemy of P. nubilalis is not yet determined, but its intro- 

 duction into the United States would seem to be a comparatively easy 

 matter in view of its biology. 



Fluke (C. L.), Junr. Poison the Grasshoppers. — Univ. Wisconsin^ 

 Coll. Agric, Madison, Extens. Circ. 135, May 1921, 4 pp. 



A large percentage of such crops as hay, oats, rye, peas, and wheat „ 

 is destroyed each year in Wisconsin by grasshoppers. The poison bait 

 that has proved most satisfactory in that State is 25 lb. bran (or half 

 bran and half sawdust), with 1 lb. white arsenic or Paris green, 1 lb. 

 salt, and 12 teaspoonfuls of banana oil (or 6 whole oranges ground up) 

 in 10 quarts of water. This amount is sufficient for five acres and the 

 cost should not be more than 50 cents per acre. Only infested land 

 requires treatment, and one application should be sufficient if all 

 farmers apply the bait at the same time, after all the eggs have 

 hatched. As a rule, however, it is best to continue applying the bait 

 until all the grasshoppers have disappeared. 



Faes (H). Les Traitements contra le Ver de la Vigne en 1920 



{Cochvlis). — Progres. As^ric. & Vitic, Monipellier, Ixxvi, no. 28, 

 10th July 1921, pp. 38-42. 



This paper on measures againct Clysia ambigueUa has already been 

 noticed from another source [R.A.E., A, ix, 3991. 



Blaxchakd (E.). Centre la Pieride du Chou.— La Vie Agric. & 

 Rnr., Paris, xix, no. 28, 9th July 1921, pp. 26-27, 2 figs. 



Measures against the cabbage butterfly [Pieris brassicae] include 

 collection of the eggs and caterpillars, dusting with quicklime, singeing 

 by means of straw torches, and spraying with a petroleum emulsion, 

 lysol, etc. A decoction of broom [Genista'] is said to act as both an 

 insecticide and a repellent. It is said that branches of broom planted 

 between the cabbages will protect the latter against infestation. 

 Another method that has proved effective consists in planting rows 

 of hemp and Jerusalem artichokes among the cabbages ; these plants, 

 being of greater height compel the butterflies to fly higher and oviposi- 

 tion on the cabbages is avoided. The most serious natural enem}^ of 

 the pest is the larval parasite, Apanteles {Microgaster) glomcratus, which 

 oviposits in the caterpillars. The artificial breeding of this Hymen- 

 opteron may prove useful. 



