496 



In 99 per cent, of outbreaks the Nematodes have migrated from infested 

 plants, or healthy plants have been placed in infested ground, or infested 

 bulbs have been stored with healthy ones. The measures advised are 

 those mentioned in a previous paper [R. A.E., A, viii, 441]. 



Markovitch (A.). La Culture des Roses. — L'Echo de Bulgarie, 

 Sofia, 15th August 1921. 



Roses in Bulgaria have recently been badly damaged by the Buprestid 

 beetle, Agrilus foveicollis, Mars. The damage has probably been 

 greater owing to the lack of cultivation in the rose-gardens during the 

 war and the great scarcit}^ of manures, resulting in a weak condition 

 and loss of resistance in the plants. The beetles appear about mid- 

 May and feed on the edges of the leaves. The eggs (to the number of 

 about 30 per female) are laid singly under the bark of the current 

 year's stem, preferably at its base. The egg hatches in 5 to 7 days, 

 and the young larva wanders about under the bark for a few days, 

 producing a small, black mine, and sometimes penetrating to the pith. 

 During the second yeds, adventitious shoots begin to grow and at the 

 same time the tips of the branches begin to wither, and in the third 

 3"ear the whole branch dries up. The larval stage probably lasts about 

 a year, so that larvae are not found in branches that are already 

 developed. 



This beetle has previously been known in Siberia, but this is the 

 first time that it has been recorded in Europe. The study of its life- 

 history will greatl}' facilitate the campaign against this enemy of the 

 important rose gardens of Bulgaria. 



BuREscH (I.). BtJitwKM M3T> cDayHHTa Ha HoiUHMTt rienepyflM Ha 

 EbJirapMfl. [Notes on Nocturnal Lepidoptera of Bulgaria.] — 



TpyflOBe Ha B-bnrapcKOTO npHpoflOMsniiTaTejiHO flpywecTBo. 



[Mem. Bulgarian Naturalists Soc], Sophia, vi, 1914, pp. 39-98. 

 [Received August 1921.] 



The various developmental phases and habits of nocturnal Lepidop- 

 tera are described. The injurious species recorded are : on broad- 

 leaved trees, Portheiria (Lymaniria) dispar, L., Nygmia phaeorrJwea, 

 Don. {Euproctis chrysorrhoea, L.), Phalera hucephala, L., Aglia tau, 

 L., Arctornis chrysorrhoea, L. {Porthesia si^nilis, Fuessl.), Dasychira pudi- 

 biinda, L., Cnethocampa (Thaumaiopoca) processionea, L., Eriogaster 

 lanestris, L., Saturnia spini, Schiff., S. pavonia, L., Stilpnotia salicis, L. 

 (chiefly on poplars), and Phalera spp., Catocala elocata, Esp., and 

 C. nupta, L., (on willow and poplar). 



Pests of fruit-trees are : N. phaeorrhoea, P. dispar, Malacosoma 

 neustria, L., A. chrysorrhoea, Gastropacha quercifoUa, L., Notolophus 

 (Orgyia) antiqua, L., Odonestis priini, L., Diloha coeruleocephala, 

 L., Catocala fnlminea, Scop., and Saturnia pyri, Schiff., the last 

 chiefly on plums and cherries. 



Cereal crops are injured by Euxoa (Agrotis) iritici, L., E. {A.) 

 segetum, Schiff., Feltia {A.) exclamationis, L., Phytometra [Plusia) 

 gamma, L., and occasionally by Trachea (Hadena) secalis, L. Pests 

 of pastures are P. gamma, P. gutta, Gn., Scotogramma (Mamestra) trifolii 

 Rott., Euclidia mi, CI., E.glyphica, L., Agrotis c-nigrum, L., A.ypsilon, 



