505 



Eupatorium cannabinum, Symphytum officinale, Urtica, Lysimachia, 

 Convolvulus and Spiraea ; Ripersia europaea, Newst., on roots of grasses 

 in nests of Lasius niger ; R. halophila, Hardy, on roots of Suaeda 

 fruticosa, Statice hinervosa and Armeria maritima ; R. scirpi, sp. n., 

 at the base of stems of Scirpus caespitosus ; Lichtensia vihurni, Sign., 

 on wild ivy ; and Lccanopsis formicarum, Newst., on Elymus arenaritis. 



L. hutleri, Green, is a s^aionym of L. formicarum, Newst. ; the species 

 recorded as L. longicornis, Green [R.A.E., A, vi, 59], is now referred 

 to the genus Exaeretopiis, and Lecanium aequale, Newst. [loc. cit. viii, 

 34v3] to Coccus {Lecanium) pseudohesperiduni, Ckll. 



Other species recorded are : Eriopeltis festucae. Boy. ; Luzulaspis 

 luzulae, Duf., on leaves of Luzula campestris ; Eulecanium {Lecanium) 

 capreae, L., on Ribes ; Pulvinaria vitis, L., on mountain ash {Pyrus 

 aucuparia), aspen {Populus fremtila), sloe {Primus spinosa) and lime 

 {Tilia europaea) ; Chionaspis salicis, L., on red currant {Ribes rubrum) ; 

 Lepidosaphes tuberculatus, Malen., on an orchid {Cymbidium) ; and 

 L. ulmi, L., on the stem of Ceanoihus veitchi. 



Gibson (A.). Financial Values resulting from Entomological Inves- 

 tigations. — Agric. Gaz. Canada, Ottawa, viii, no. 4, July- August 

 1921, pp. 420-423. 



It is difficult to estimate the actual cash values resulting from 

 entomological research in Canada, except on certain lines of inves- 

 tigation, and these are briefly described. 



The value of measures against grasshoppers has already been 

 noticed [R. A.E., A, ix, 147], and it is estimated that in Saskatchewan 

 in 1921 a saving of at least £8,000 (at par) will be effected by using 

 sawdust in poisoned baits. 



Bark-beetle control work in British Columbia has proved most 

 effective. In 1921 the further spread of infestation will be prevented, 

 thus saving from total destruction 300,000,000 feet of 3^ellow pine, 

 worth more than £1,200,000, at a total cost of less than £10,000. This 

 work was started in the winter of 1919, and consists in modified 

 logging operations by cutting infested trees and the destruction of 

 overwintering broods in the bark, either by using the timber and 

 burning the rubbish, or by burning the entire trees. Previous investi- 

 gations show that forests in infested areas would have been entirely 

 ruined in the next five years. Near Princetown, the beetles, which 

 have been spreading for eight vears, have already killed over 

 150,000,000 feet of yellow pine, worth £600,000. They also threaten 

 the complete ruin of between one and two billion board feet of timber. 



In 1920, in the Annapolis valley, the use of the new copper- 

 arsenic dust for orchard trees saved the growers £4,000, and in the 

 present year a saving of £8,400 is estimated. The substitution of 

 calcium arsenate for lead arsenate in Bordeaux mixture on apples 

 and potatoes saved £3,240 in 1920. The substitution of Bordeaux 

 mixture for lime-sulphur in Nova Scotia secured 200,000 barrels of 

 apples, at an estimated value of £80,000, per year more than had been 

 obtained when the latter mixture was used. 



During the last three years the value of corrosive sublimate as a 

 remedy for cabbage root maggot [Phorbia brassicae] has been demon- 

 strated in Ontario and British Columbia. At least £10,000 worth of 

 crops were saved in Ontario in 1920. In 1921, in British Columbia, 

 a plantation of 25,000 cabbages thus treated resulted in 100 per cent. 

 of marketable heads. 



(4286) 2 L 



