518 



through the fern stem and partly paralysing the larva within. The 

 larvae hatching from these eggs wander over the surface of the host 

 lar\'a, feeding externally upon it and extracting the body-fluid. The 

 parasitic larva then spins a white cocoon over or near the remains of 

 its host, pupates there, and, emerging as an adult, gnaws its way out 

 of the fern stem. Mating occurs immediately after emergence. 



Schur:mann (G. B.). Informe acerca del Aphelinus mail, Parasito 

 que ataca al Pulgon lanigero. [Concerning Aphelinus mali, a 

 Parasite of Eriosoina lanigenun]. — Rev. Minist. I ndust., Montevideo, 

 viii, no. 52, 1920, pp. 149-153. [Received 29th August 1921.] 



The author has for some time past been studying the question of the 

 introduction into Uruguay of Aphelinus mali, Hald., the Hymenop- 

 terous parasite of Eriosoma lanigerum. A study of its activities in 

 other countries, particularly in NortH America and in France, has led 

 to the conclusion that its beneficial action has been exaggerated and 

 is variable. Moreover, its introduction into Uruguay from these 

 countries presents considerable difficulty owing to seasonal differences. 

 It is thought, however, that the parasite would be a useful help in 

 control, and it is hoped to make the experiment of introducing a small 

 number by post. 



ScHURMANN (G. B.). Sobrc una Cochinilla parasita de los Naranjos, 

 Limoneros y Tangerines en el Uruguay. [A Coccid Pest of Oranges, 

 Lemons and Tangerines in Uruguay.] — Rev. Minist. Indust., 

 Montevideo, viii, no. 52, 1920, pp. 153-164, 8 figs. [Received 

 29th August 1921.] 



Chionaspis citri, Comst., was unusually abundant in Uruguay diiring 

 1920 and caused much damage to orange trees. The stages of this 

 Coccid and the nature of the injury are described. During the winter 

 only eggs are found, the first larvae appearing about the middle of 

 Septemlaer or beginning of October. The number of generations in 

 Uruguay has not been determined, but must be two or three. The 

 fruit and leaves are not often attacked, infestation being confined to 

 the trunk and branches, and as yet no great harm has been done, 

 though if the numbers continue to increase serious damage may result. 

 Old, sickly trees are particularly liable to attack, and badly infested 

 branches break off. 



Various insecticide sprays consisting of an emulsion of kerosene, 

 soap and water are recommended, with suitable apparatus for applying 

 them. The first spraying should be done in early October, when the 

 first larvae appear, and should be renewed two or three times at 

 intervals of two or three weeks. In August a more concentrated form 

 of the insecticide should be used, or 5 lb. of quicklime (minimum 

 purity 90 per cent.) with 4 lb. powdered sulphur in 10 gals, water 

 may be substituted. 



Bkues (C. T.). Insects and Human Welfare. An Account of the more 

 important Relations of Insects to the Health of Man, to Agriculture, 

 and to Forestry. — CcDiibridi^c, Mass., Harvard Univ. Press ; and 

 London, Humphrey Milford, 1920, xii+104 pp., 42 figs.. Price 

 S2.50. [Received ■27th September 1921.] 



This volume presents some of the principles and practices of applied 

 entomology in a form illustrative of the biological relationships of 



