544 



The Black Pine Beetle, Hylastes aicr, Payk. — Forestry Commiss., 

 London, Leaflet no. 4, June 1921, pp. 1-4, 3 figs. [Received 22nd 

 September 1921.] 



The life-history of Hylastes ater, Payk., is briefly described and 

 remedial measures are advocated [R.A.E., A, vi, 116; viii, 379]. 

 These apply also to H. opacits, Er. 



GossARD (H. A). Wheat Insect Survey oJ 1921 : Some Hessian Fly 

 in North-western Ohio; other Pests increasing. — Mthly. Bull., 

 Ohio Af^ric. Expt. Sta., Woostcr, vi, no. 7-8, July-August 1921, 

 pp. 108-110, 2 charts. 



During the spring of 1921 the Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor] 

 emerged about a month earlier than usual. The summer infestation, 

 however, did not prove unusually abundant, probably owing to the 

 combined action of late frosts and parasites. The value of ascertaining 

 the best date for sowing is emphasised. Where infestation is below 

 20 per cent., the date that has given the maximum yield in previous 

 years should be chosen, h map showing these dates for various 

 counties is given. 



Chinch bugs [Blissus leticoptcnis] were abundant in north-western 

 Ohio and in restricted localities in the north-eastern area. They 

 are apparently increasing, and a heavy infestation may be expected 

 in 1922 if the summer proves dry. The wheat midge [Contarinia 

 tritici] occurred in large numbers in the southern and south-western 

 counties, and is expected to occur again in 1922 ; but joint worm 

 [Harmolita tritici] infestations were very light, amounting to only 

 1 to 4 per cent, in most counties. 



CiMATTi (V.). H Nemico dei Cavoh. [An Enemy of Cabbages.]— 

 Riv. Agric, Parma, xxvi, no. 37, 16th September 1921, p. 530. 



The principal measures against the cabbage butterfly [Pieris 

 brassicae] are the collection or crushing of the eggs and caterpillars 

 and the collection of the infested leaves ; dusting the leaves with 

 spent lime or quicklime ; burning the caterpillars with a flame ; 

 spraying with a copper solution as used by vine-growers, with eau 

 de Javefle [sodium hypochlorite], or with a decoction of broom ; and the 

 planting of Jerusalem artichokes or hemp in alternate rows with 

 cabbage. Natural control may be promoted by favouring the 

 development of the parasite, Microgaster sp. 



CoGOLLUDo (J.). Contribuci6n al Conocimiento de las Zoocecidias de 



Espana. [Contribution to the Knowledge of Plant Malformations 

 of Animal Origin in Spain.] — Trab. Miis. Nac. Cienc. Nat., 

 Madrid, Bot. Ser. no. 16, 1st June 1921, 117 pp., 12 figs. [Received 

 19th September 1921.] 



This monograph deals with the various orders of insects causing 

 malformations of plants in Spain and gives a complete bibliography 

 of previous work on the subject. In many cases the locality has been 

 added, as well as descriptions of some species that do not seem to have 

 appeared previously in European literature in this connection. 



