551 



period lasts from 14 to 19 days, and the pupal period about 27 days. 

 Hibernation occurs in the pupal stage in England at a depth of from 

 three to four inches in the soil. The two generations in England appear, 

 roughly, from April to June, and from August onwards, but owing to 

 the long period of oviposition there is a certain amount of overlapping, 

 and all stages may be found at one time. In 1919 larvae were found 

 in celery plants as late as 14th December. The first appearance of the 

 fly depends on external conditions, and may take place at any time 

 in April or May. 



The parasites recorded are : the Braconids, Alysia apii, Sigalphns 

 flavipalpus, Aspilota fuscicornis and Adelura apii ; the Chalcid, 

 Pachylarthrus smaragdinus ; and the Ichneumonid, Hemiteles crassi- 

 cornis ; while the author has bred the Chalcid, Halticoptera flavicornis, 

 the Braconids, ^pius cingulatus and Adelura apii, and an unidentified 

 larval parasite which may prove to be the last-named species. 



Artificial control measures include the removal and burning of 

 all debris after lifting the crop, the use of trap crops, the removal of 

 wild food-plants, and spraying, which should be done just after the 

 emergence of the flies. Sprays of 1 oz. chlor-ortho-cresol, or green 

 tar oil, with 1 lb. soft soap and 10 gals, water, reduced the infestation 

 by about 50 per cent. 



DE LA Barreda (L.). Instiucciones para combatir los Gusanos que 

 destruyen los Chilares. [The Control of Cutworms in Chilli 

 Plantations.] — Rev. Agric, San Jacinto, Mexico, vi, no. 4, 

 August 1921, p. 234. 



The chilli plantations of the General Agricultural Department are 

 severely attacked by cutworms, which feed at night on these and other 

 plants, while some subterranean species live on the roots. Powdered 

 lead arsenate, Paris green or London purple, with an equal quantity 

 of slaked lime, should be dusted on the plants, or they may be sprayed 

 with paraffin emulsion and soap at night, when the insects are feeding. 

 Hand collection of the cutworms, and of the pupae on or below the 

 ground surface, is also recommended. 



Glasenap (S.). Bopb6a c BpeAMTejiflMM n/ioAOBOACTBa, SMMyiomiiMM 



B COCTOflHMM flMMeK. [Control of Orchard Pests that hibernate 



in the Egg-stage.]— FleTporpaACKoe OropoAHMMecTBO. Bro/iJieieHb 

 CejibCKO-Xo3flMCTBeHHoro OTAGJia neiporpaACKoro OTAeneHun 



TocyAapCTBeHHOro MsAaie/lbCTBO. [Petrograd Market Gardening. 

 Bidl. Rural- Economic Dept. Petrograd Div. Gov. Publ.], Petrograd, 

 no. 8 (Supplement), 15th August 1920, 2 pp., 3 figs. [Received 

 26th September 1921.] 



Psylla mali, Forst., Cheimatohia hrnmata, L., and Aphis ponii, 

 De G., are the chief orchard pests that hibernate in the egg-stage. 

 The eggs may be prevented from hatching by spraying with lime- 

 sulphur, used at the rate of 1 lb. flowers of sulphur and 1 lb. freshly 

 slaked lime to about 3 gals, of water. This should be boiled and 

 applied to the trees whilst still hot. The method of preparation is 

 described. An alternative spray is 3 lb. water-glass and 76 lb. freshly 

 slaked fat stone lime in 36 gals, water. This should be applied at the 

 beginning of x\pril. 



