581 



In 1914 Chrotogonus saussurei, Bol., was successfully controlled 

 by a poisoned bait, which was also used against the Deccan grass- 

 hopper {Colemania sphenarioides, Bol.) in five different experiments, 

 which are here described. The bait consisted of rice bran, jaggery 

 syrup, Paris green and limes, and proved fairly attractive but was 

 limited in its action. 



The present experiments, which began in August 1919, aimed at 

 determining the relative proportions in which the various ingredients 

 should be used, and above all the choice of a fruit or essence which 

 would increase the attractiveness of the bait. The formula tried 

 was lib. Paris green and 6-10 lb. jaggery for every 251b. bran. 

 Jaggery was first dissolved in water, to which was added Paris green 

 and bran mixed together, and all mixed until half solid. To this 

 was added the fruit or essence under trial and a handful of salt. 



Experiments were then conducted with 1|- limes in the bait, which 

 when thrown broadcast proved successful and economical. Fair 

 success was obtained with 30 m. in aniseed oil to every 1 lb. of bait, 

 also with bananas, but poor results were obtained with ripe tomatos. 

 Ver}^ favourable results were also obtained with terpinol, an essence 

 with a strong smell, 15-20 drops being used for 1 lb. of bait. This 

 bait was most successful in controlling Chrotogonus saussurei at 

 Coimbatore. Another essence, Carvene, was used, but was unsatis- 

 factory. 



Far better results were obtained with one grapefruit to every 

 3 lb. bait, than with limes or tomatos ; this proved especially attractive 

 to Orthacris ramakrishnai, Bol., and 0. acuticeps, Bol. Almost all 

 the common species have been found among the dead grasshoppers, 

 but C. saussurei, Aeolopus tamulus, F., .4. indicus, Bol., Atracto- 

 morpha crenulata, F., and Catantops indicus, Bol., have a special 

 liking for the bait. 



H.wiLAND (M. D.). On the Bionomics and Post-Embryonic Develop- 

 ment of certain Cynipid Hyperparasites o£ Aphides. — Qtrly. Jl. 

 Microscop. Sci., London, Lxv, pt. 3, August 1921, pp. 451-478, 

 11 figs. [Received 7th October 1921.] 



The various stages of the Cynipids, Charips spp., are described, 

 and comparisons are drawn between their larvae and those of other 

 entomophagous Cynipids and parasitic Hymenoptera in general. 

 The bionomics of these h5rperDarasites have already been noticed 

 [R.A.E., A, ix, 178]. 



Neault (A.). Insectes nuisibles des Forets. iv.— La Chenille a Tente 

 d'Am^rique, Malacosoma americana, ou Livr^e d'Am^rique. — 



Nat. Canad., Quebec, xlviii, no. 2, August 1921, pp. 25-32, 1 fig. 



An account is given of the life-history of Malacosoma americana, 

 which occurs in Canada on cherr\^ hawthorn, and especially on apple. 

 It has also been recorded on maple, beech, willow, birch, elm, poplar, 

 oak and hazel. The natural enemies include birds, a Carabid, 

 Calosoma sp., a Pentatomid, Podisus placidus, and bacterial and 

 fungous diseases. The usual remedial measures, such as collection 

 of eggs, the use of sticky bands and spraying with arsenicals, etc., are 

 advocated. 



