595 



The numbers of the larvae may also be reduced by frequently turning 

 over the ground and by raking. The development of suckers from 

 the roots should be prevented, as they form a breeding ground. 



Excellent results were obtained by spraying the ground with undiluted 

 kerosene, a strong solution of tar water and a strong emulsion of tar 

 oil, but weaker solutions of these substances, kerosene emulsion, 

 potassium sulphide solutions, as well as shallow injections of carbon 

 bisulphide in varying proportions, produced negative or poor results. 

 Experiments are now in progress with a view to finding a spray which 

 will act as a deterrent to the ovipositing females. No parasites have 

 yet been bred, but a Dolichopochd fly, Psilopiis mohiliis, and a dragon- 

 fly, Austrolestes colensonis, are said to be predaceous on the adults. 

 The larvae of an unidentified Coccinellid are frequently found in soil 

 infested by the larvae, on which they are predaceous in confinement. 



Hyde (W. C). Test for Control of Leaf-hoppers on Apple Trees. — 

 N.Z. Jl. Agric, Wellington, xxiii, no. 2, 20th August 1921, p. 110. 



The Fulgorid, Pochasia australts, may be successfully checked on 

 apple trees by the addition of Blackleaf 40 to two or three of the 

 standard spring sprays. In the tests described the iirst application 

 was made on 29th October, when the apples had set and the larvae 

 were emerging and feeding along the midrib on the lower surface of 

 the leaves. The spray consisted of lime-sulphur 1-100 [? gals.l, 

 3 lb. lead arsenate and 1 pint Blackleaf 40. A second application 

 was made on 22nd November. In December the pest became fairly 

 abundant except over the area that had received a second treatment, 

 but further applications on the 17th and 27th December checked the 

 infestation. 



Alexander (C. P.). A new Species of Tipula injurious to Pasture 

 Lands (Tipulidae, Diptera). — Insecutor Inscitiae Menstrmis, 

 Washington, D.C., ix, no. 7-9, July-September 1921, pp. 135-137. 



Tipula graminivora, sp. n., is recorded as doing considerable injury 

 to pasture lands in the interior of California. 



SiMMONDs (H. W.). Report on Coconut Districts of Vunilagi and 



Macuata. — Agric. Circ. Fiji Dcpt. Agric, Suva, ii, no. 3, June 



1921, pp. 40-43. [Received 18th October 1921 



In various districts in the Fiji Islands where the parasites of 

 Aspidiotus destructor on coconuts have been liberated, the Chalcids, 

 Aphelinus chrysomphali and Aspidiotiphagiis citrinus, have been 

 found to be well established. It seems probable that there are really 

 two species present under the name of A. citrinus. 



In Naduri and Macuata Islands the mealy-bug, Pseudococcus 

 cocotis, had severely damaged several coconut trees, which had been cut 

 down and burnt by the natives. On one that was still standing was 

 found the Coccinellid, Neda tricolor, the larvae of which are predaceous 

 on this mealy-bug. A white scale resembling a species of Poliaspis 

 occurred at the base of some of the leaves. The beetle, Promecotheca 

 reichei, had apparently caused considerable damage in some localities ; 

 it is usually heavily parasitised. 



At Vunilagi the caterpillars of Agonoxena arguala had destroyed 

 from 5 to 10 per cent, of the foliage. They feed under webs on the 

 lower surface of the leaves, destroying the tissue in straight lines in 



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